The purpose of this article is the analysis of higher education policy in Greece during the last decade, which is tied in with the ascendancy of market orientation and the complete restructuring of the university. The formation of this policy and its main axes are studied in the context of the pertinent developments at international and European levels, and its implementation is, therefore, assessed in relation to and comparison with the effects of similar policies in other EU member states. The article shows that, for Greek society, the complete restructuring of the university is a matter of prime importance, while concurrently representing a terrain of social and ideological clashes; and although significant steps in the road to the marketization of the university have already taken place, in conditions that are especially favourable for the forces that promote it, this road seems to be still long and winding.
AlexiouT. (2006) Labour, Education and Social Classes. Athens: Papazisis. (in Greek)
3.
AltbachP.G. (2004) Globalization and the University: myths and realities in an unequal world, Tertiary Education and Management, 10(1), 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13583883.2004.9967114
4.
AlthusserL. (1977) Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses, in AlthusserL., Theseis, pp. 69–121. Athens: Themelio. (in Greek)
5.
AndreouA. & PapakonstantinouG. (1994) Power and Organization: administration of the educational system. Athens: Nea Synora. (in Greek)
6.
AppleM.W. & WhittyG. (2002) Structuring the Postmodern in Education Policy, in HillD.McLarenP.ColeM. & RikowskiG. (Eds) Marxism against Postmodernism in Educational Theory, pp. 67–87. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
7.
AronowitzS. (2000) The Knowledge Factory. Boston: Beacon Press.
Assembly of Rectors of the Greek Universities – Committee of European Cases (1992) The Greek Universities in Europe of 2000. Athens: Assembly of Rectors of the Greek Universities. (in Greek)
10.
Atkinson-GrosjeanJ. (1998) Illusions of Excellence and the Selling of the University: a micro-study, Electronic Journal of Sociology, 3(3). http://www.sociology.org/archive.html
11.
BaertP. & ShipmanA. (2003) University under Siege? Trust and Accountability in the Modern Academic Community, in PapadakisN.E. (Ed.) State, Society, Market and Education Policies, pp. 112–145. Athens: Savalas. (in Greek)
BartzidisM. & HontolidouE. (2002) Globalization and Education: the myth of the weakening of national states and their role in the national educational systems, Theseis, 80, 173–182. (in Greek)
BrownP. (2002) Cultural Capital and Social Exclusion: some observations on recent trends in education, employment, and the labour market, in HalseyA.H.LauderH.BrownP. & Stuart WellsA. (Eds) Education, Culture, Economy and Society, pp. 736–749). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
19.
BrownP. (2003) The Opportunity Trap: education and employment in the global economy, European Educational Research Journal, 2(1), 141–179. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2003.2.1.4
20.
CarnoyM. & CastellsM. (2001) Globalization, the Knowledge Society and the State: Poulantzas at the end of the millennium, in RigosA. & TsoukalasK. (Eds) Politics Today. Nicos Poulantzas and the Timeliness of His Work, pp. 392–416. Athens: Themelio. (in Greek)
21.
CoddJ.GordonL. & HarkerR. (2002) Education and the Role of the State: devolution and control post-Picot, in HalseyA.H.LauderH.BrownP. & Stuart WellsA. (Eds) Education, Culture, Economy and Society, pp. 263–272). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
22.
CohenM.G. (2000) The World Trade Organisation and Post-Secondary Education: implications for the public system in Australia. Hawke Institute Working Paper Series No. 1. Magill: University of South Australia, Hawke Institute. http://www.unisa.edu.au/hawkeinstitute/publications/downloads/wp1.pdf
23.
CollinsR. (1979) The Credential Society: an historical sociology of education and stratification. New York: Academic Press.
24.
Commission of the European Communities (1993) Growth, Competitiveness, Employment: the challenges and ways forward into the 21st century. White Paper. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Commission of the European Communities (2006) Delivering on the Modernisation Agenda for Universities: education, research and innovation. Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament. COM (2006) 208 final. http://ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/doc/comuniv2006_en.pdf
CroissantJ.L. (2001) Can this Campus Be Bought? Commercial Influence in Unfamiliar Places, Academe87(5). http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40252063
30.
DaleR. (1999) Specifying Globalization Effects on National Policy: a focus on the mechanisms, Journal of Education Policy, 14(1), 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/026809399286468
31.
DaleR. (2002) The State and the Governance of Education: an analysis of the restructuring of the state–education relationship, in HalseyA.H.LauderH.BrownP. & Stuart WellsA. (Eds) Education, Culture, Economy and Society, pp. 273–282. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
32.
DeAngeloL. & CohenA. (2000) Privatization: the challenge ahead for public higher education. ERIC Clearinghouse on Educational Management (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 443310). http://eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED443310.pdf
33.
DemouG.E. (1999) The Activities of Frontistiria in Greece. Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
34.
DimarasA. (1978) The Movement for Reform: a historical perspective, Comparative Education Review, 22(1), 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/445955
35.
DruckerP.F. (1993) Post-Capitalist Society. New York: Basic Books.
36.
EconomakisG.MaroudasL. & KyriakidouO. (2006) The Greek University in the Era of Neoliberal Educational Reforms, Theseis, 94, 25–65. (in Greek)
Eurydice (2000) Two Decades of Reform in Higher Education in Europe: 1980 onwards. Brussels: Eurydice.
43.
Eurydice (2007). Key Data on Higher Education in Europe. Brussels: Eurydice.
44.
Eurydice (2008) Higher Education Governance in Europe: policies, structures, funding and academic staff. Brussels: Eurydice.
45.
Eurydice (2009) Key Data on Education in Europe 2009. Brussels: Eurydice.
46.
FieldJ. (1997) The Learning Society and the European Union: a critical assessment of supranational education policy formation, Journal of Studies in International Education, 1(2), 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102831539700100205
FitzJ. & HafidT. (2007) Perspectives on the Privatization of Public Schooling in England and Wales, Educational Policy, 21(1), 273–296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904806297193
49.
FoundethakisP. & SarafianosD. (2000) University Administration in the Constellation of ‘Productivity’, Panepistimio, 1, 45–77. (in Greek)
50.
GaffikinF., & PerryD.C. (2009). Discourses and Strategic Visions: the U.S. research university as an institutional manifestation of neoliberalism in a global era, American Educational Research Journal, 46(1), 115–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831208322180
51.
General Confederation of Greek Workers – Centre for the Development of Education Policy (2008) Expenditure on Education: household budget survey 2004–2005 (in Greek).
52.
GeorgantasH. (2000) Institutional Transformations in Public Funding: policy limits, forms and contents, Panepistimio, 1, 5–44. (in Greek)
53.
GeorgiadisN.M. (2005) Trends in State Education Policy in Greece: 1976 to the 1997 reform, Education Policy Analysis Archives, 13(9). http://epaa.asu.edu/ojs/article/view/114
Hellenic Colleges Association (HCA) (2009) 12 Questions and 12 Answers about the Function of the Colleges - members of the HCA. (in Greek). http://www.hca.gr/association6_1.php
HillD. (2001) State Theory and the Neo-liberal Reconstruction of Schooling and Teacher Education: a structuralist neo-Marxist critique of postmodernist, quasi-postmodernist, and culturalist neo-Marxist theory, British Journal of Sociology of Education, 22(1), 135–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01425690020030837
JohnstoneD.BruceAroraA. & ExpertonW. (1998) The Financing and Management of Higher Education: a status report on worldwide reforms. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
62.
KaramesiniM. (2003) Demand And Supply of Highest Education Services and Labour Market in Greece, in TsaousisD.G. (Ed.) From the Internationalization of Universities to the Globalization of Education, pp. 69–113. Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
KtenasE. & GitonaM. (1994) Public Expenditure on Education in Greece: a comparative study of 1974–81 and 1982–89 periods, Syghroni Ekpedefsi, 78, 20–27. (in Greek)
65.
KyridisA.G. (2003) Inequalities in Greek Education and Access to University (1955–1985). Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
MaskellD. & RobinsonI. (2002) The New Idea of a University. Exeter: Imprint Academic.
72.
MattheouD. (2003) The University in Transformation: the Reading Code of the New Right and the battle of words, in PapadakisN.E. (Ed.) State, Society, Market and Education Policies, pp. 147–172. Athens: Savalas. (in Greek)
73.
McLarenP. & FarahmandpurR. (2002) Breaking Signifying Chains: a Marxist position on postmodernism, in HillD.McLarenP.ColeM. & RikowskiG. (Eds) Marxism against Postmodernism in Educational Theory, pp. 35–66. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
74.
MeyerH.-D. (2002) Universal, Entrepreneurial, and Soulless? The New University as a Contested Institution, Comparative Education Review, 46(3), 339–347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/341161
Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs of Greece (MNERA) (2009a) Analytical Data for Entrees in the Tertiary Education Sector, academic year 2010–2011. (in Greek). http://www.ypepth.gr/el_ec_categoryssn12552.htm
77.
Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs of Greece (MNERA) (2009b) Results of the Tertiary Education Entrance Examinations. (in Greek). http://www.ypepth.gr/el_ec_categoryssn9913.htm
78.
MouzelisN. (2003) State, Society and Market, in PapadakisN.E. (Ed.) State, Society, Market and Education Policies, pp. 18–27). Athens: Savalas. (in Greek)
79.
National Statistical Service of Greece (NSSG) (1987) Statistical Yearbook of Greece (1986). Athens: NSSG.
80.
NewfieldC. (2008) Unmaking the Public University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
NoutsosC. (1990) Conjuncture and Education. Athens: Politis. (in Greek)
83.
Official Journal of the European Union (2005) Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the Recognition of Professional Qualifications, Official Journal of the European Union, L255, 22–142.
84.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2006) Higher Education: quality, equity and efficiency. Meeting of OECD Education Ministers, 27–28 June, Athens. Chair's summary. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/62/21/37032873.pdf
85.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2008) Education at a Glance 2008. OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2009b) Education at a Glance 2009. Paris: OECD.
88.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) & Greek National Accreditation Centre for Continuing Vocational Training (EKEPIS) (2003) The Role of National Qualifications Systems in Promoting Lifelong Learning: background report for Greece. Athens: EKEPIS.
89.
PapadakisN.E. (2003) Education Policy: education policy as social policy(?). Athens: Ellinika Grammata. (in Greek)
90.
PesmazoglouS. (1981) Some Economic Aspects of Education, Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora, 8, 131–160.
PritchardR. (2006) Trends in the Restructuring of German Universities, Comparative Education Review, 50(1), 90–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/498330
94.
ReadingsB. (1996) The University in Ruins. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
95.
RikowskiG. (2002) Globalisation and Education. Paper prepared for the House of Lords Select Committee on Economic Affairs Inquiry into the Global Economy, 22 January, in London. http://www.ieps.org.uk/PDFs/rikowski2002d.pdf
96.
RobertsonS.L. (2008a) Remaking the World: neoliberalism and the transformation of education and teachers' labour, in ComptonM. & WeinerL. (Eds) The Global Assault on Teaching, Teachers and their Unions, pp. 11–30. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
97.
RobertsonS.L. (2008b) The Bologna Process Goes Global: a model, market, mobility, brain power or state building strategy? Invitational paper to the Annual Conference of Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação, October 19–22, in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. http://www.bris.ac.uk/education/people/academicStaff/edslr/publications/31slr
98.
SarafianosD. (2003) Article 16 of the Constitution: the revision that never was, Panepistimio, 6, 37–49. (in Greek)
StamatisK.M. (2005) The Uncertain ‘Knowledge Society’. Athens: Savalas. (in Greek)
106.
StamelosY. (1999) The Changing Role of Greek Universities, Higher Education Management, 11(3), 51–62.
107.
StamelosY. & VasilopoulosA. (2004) European Education Policy. Athens: Metehmio. (in Greek)
108.
TheotokasN. (2003) Assessment and Quality Assurance: from the academic university to the production of educational services, Politis, 116, 19–32. (in Greek)
109.
TsaousisD.G. (1994) Issues of Greek Tertiary Education in the Perspective of a Contemporary National and European Education Policy, in TsaousisD.G. (Ed.) University and Economy in Developing and Developed Countries, pp. 263–310. Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
110.
TsaousisD.G. (2003a) Two Basic Levels of Analysis: the national educational system and the system of educational services, in TsaousisD.G. (Ed.) From the Internationalization of the Universities to the Globalization of Education, pp. 53–68. Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
111.
TsaousisD.G. (2003b) The (Sub)System of University and the Peri-university Education and Training, in TsaousisD.G. (Ed.) From The Internationalization of the Universities to the Globalization of Education, pp. 133–157. Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
112.
TsaousisD.G. (2003c) National and European Supranational Education Policy, in TsaousisD.G. (Ed.) From the Internationalization of the Universities to the Globalization of Education, pp. 591–621. Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
113.
TsaousisD.G. (2003d) Towards the Globalization of Education, in TsaousisD.G. (Ed.) From the Internationalization of the Universities to the Globalization of Education, pp. 625–674. Athens: Gutenberg. (in Greek)
114.
TsoukalasK. (1977) Dependence and Reproduction: the social role of the education apparatuses in Greece (1830–1922). Athens: Themelio. (in Greek)
115.
TsoukalasK. (1987) State, Society, Labour in Post-War Greece. Athens: Themelio. (in Greek)
116.
TsoukalasK. (1989) Social Development and State: the constitution of the public space in Greece. Athens: Themelio. (in Greek)
117.
UNESCO (1998) Recommendation Concerning the Status of Higher Education Teaching Personnel, in UNESCO, Records of the General Conference: twenty-ninth session. Paris, 21 October to 12 November 1997. Vol. 1: Resolutions, pp. 26–35. Paris: UNESCO.
118.
UNESCO (2006) ISCED – International Standard Classification of Education 1997, rev. edn.Paris: UNESCO.
119.
WedlinL. (2008) University Marketization: the process and its limits, in EngwallL. & WeaireD. (Eds) The University in the Market, pp. 143–153. London: Portland Press.
