Following some contextual remarks about the nature of Europe and citizenship, there is consideration of the ways in which teachers and learners are developing the knowledge, skills and dispositions needed for effective citizenship in Europe. Some attention is given to the different levels of citizenship education which can occur and the choices that educators can make when developing relevant programmes.
References
1.
AhrendtD. (1998) Young People's Attitudes to the European Union: A Typology of Public Opinion Among Young Europeans (Eurobarometer 47.1). Brussels: European Commission, DGX.
2.
AudigierF. (1998) Basic Concepts and Core Competences of Education for Democratic Citizenship: An Initial Consolidated Report. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
3.
Citizenship Foundation (1998) Young People, Politics and Citizenship: A Disengaged Generation?London: Citizenship Foundation.
4.
CloonanM.DaviesI. (1998) Improving the possibility of better teaching by investigating the nature of student learning: With reference to procedural understanding in politics in higher education. Teaching in Higher Education3 (2), 173–183.
5.
ConveryA.EvansM.GreenS.MacaroE.MellorJ. (1997) Pupils' Perceptions of Europe: Identity and Education. London: Cassell.
6.
DaviesI. (2000) History and citizenship education. In ArthurJ.PhillipsR. (eds) Issues in History Education. London: Routledge.
7.
DaviesI.GregoryI.RileyS. (1999) Good Citizenship and Educational Provision. London: Falmer Press.
8.
DaviesI.SobischA. (1997) Developing European Citizens. Sheffield: Sheffield Hallam University Press.
9.
Di GennaroA.M. (1998) Teacher Training Courses 1992–1997: An Overview. Education for Democratic Citizenship. CDCC In-Service Teacher Training Programme. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
10.
DunkinM.J.WelchA.MerrittA.PhillipsR.CravenR. (1998) Teachers' explanations of classroom events: Knowledge and beliefs about teaching civics and citizenship. Teaching and Teacher Education14 (2), 141–151.
11.
EmlerN.FrazerE. (1999) Politics: The education effect. Oxford Review of Education25 (1&2), 251–275.
12.
European Commission (1995) Teaching and Learning: Towards the Learning Society. Brussels: European Commission.
13.
European Commission (1997a) 1997: European Year Against Racism: The Survey. Brussels: European Commission, DG X.
14.
European Commission (1997b) Towards A Europe of Knowledge. Brussels: European Commission.
15.
European Commission (1997c) Accomplishing Europe through Education and Training. Study group on education and training report. Brussels: European Commission.
16.
European Commission (1998) Education and Active Citizenship in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission.
17.
ESRC (1999) One Europe or several?Social Sciences: News from the ESRC42 (May).
18.
FarrellB. (1995) The EU: A democratic development of the nation state. In Political Education Towards A European Democracy. Bundeszentrale fur politische Bildung and Instituut voor Publiek en Politiek.
19.
FontaineP. (1991) A Citizen's Europe. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.
20.
HahnC. (1998) Becoming Political: Comparative Perspectives on Citizenship Education. Albany: State University of New York Press.
21.
HeaterD. (1997) The reality of multiple citizenship. In DaviesI.SobischA. (eds) Developing European Citizens. Sheffield: Sheffield Hallam University Press.
McCormickJ. (1996) The European Union: Politics and Policies. Colorado: Westview Press.
24.
OliverD.HeaterD. (1994) The Foundations of Citizenship. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
25.
OsierA.StarkeyH. (1999) Rights, identities and inclusion: European action programmes as political education. Oxford Review of Education25 (1&2), 199–215.
26.
SobischA.ImmerfallS. (1997) The social basis of European citizenship. In DaviesI.SobischA. (eds) Developing European Citizens. Sheffield: Sheffield Hallam University Press.
27.
ThatcherM. (1993) The Downing Street Years. London: Harper Collins.
28.
TorresC.A. (1998) Democracy, Education and Multiculturalism: Dilemmas of Citizenship in a Global World. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
29.
TravisA. (1999) Britons: The optimists of Europe. Guardian, 1 June.
30.
TurnerB. (ed.) (1993) Citizenship and Social Theory. London: Sage.
31.
WilkinsC. (1999) Making ‘good citizens’: The social and political attitudes of PGCE students. Oxford Review of Education25 (1&2), 217–230.
