Caregivers for dependent elders have been the subject of numerous studies in recent years. This first wave of research demonstrates that caregiving is demanding and may be expensive to the caregiver socially, psychologically, physically, and financially. This article reviews the caregiving literature and focuses on current limitations and future directions for study in two areas: sampling and research design. Specifically suggested are ways to refine sampling procedures and to more carefully define what a caregiver is. In the design of caregiving studies, both group and individual differences offer insight into the impact of caregiving. In addition, dyadic measurement of the caregiver, the elder, and the family are suggested. Finally, in examining a progressive phenomenon such as Alzheimer's disease or memory loss, longitudinal designs are necessary and timely.
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