Technologies for learning environments are a vital and growing market for software development and utilization. A team of designers and developers created a Web-based intelligent tutoring system to teach a reading comprehension strategy for elementary and middle school students. Our approach to designing ITSS. combined the waterfall method of technology design with prescriptions for creating cognitive tutors. This article reports on each phase of the process: analysis, design, development, and implementation of the system and the challenges and solutions at each stage.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlexanderP. A.JettonT. L. (2000). Learning from text: A multidimensional and developmental perspective. In KamilM. L.MosenthalP. B.PearsonP. D.BarrR. (Eds.), Handbook of reading research (Vol. III, pp. 285–310). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
2.
AndersonJ. R.CorbettA. T.KoedingerK. R.PelletierR. (1995). Cognitive tutors: Lessons learned. The Journal of the Learning Sciences, 4(2), 167–207.
3.
BakerP.BakerP. (2004). Teacher adjustment to technology: Overcoming cultural mindsets. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 33(2), 147–167.
4.
BaylorA. (2001a). Cognitive requirements for agent-based learning environments. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies: Issues, Achievements, and Challenges (pp. 462–463).
5.
BaylorA. (2001b). Effects of MIMICing Instructional Theory with MIMIC. Presentation at the AECT International Conference, Atlanta, GA.
6.
GraesserA.Wiemer-HastingsP.Wiemer-HastingsK.HarterD., Person, N., & The Tutoring Research Group. (1999). Using latent semantic analysis to evaluate the contributions of students in AutoTutor. Interactive Learning Environments.
7.
HidiS. (1990). Interest and its contribution as a mental resource for learning. Review of Educational Research, 60, 549–571.
8.
JacobsonM. J.MaouriC.MishraP.KolarC. (1995). Learning with hypertext learning environments: Theory, design, and research. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 4(4), 321–364.
9.
MayerR. E. (2001). Multimedia learning. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
10.
MayerR. E.MorenoR. (2003). Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning. Educational Psychologist, 38, 43–52.
11.
McKeagueC. A. (1996). Effects of Hypertext Structure and Reading Activity on Novices' Learning from Text. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University.
12.
MeyerB. J. F.MiddlemissW.TheodorouE. S.BrezinskiK. L.McDougallJ.BartlettB. J. (2002). Older adults tutoring fifth-grade children in the structure strategy via the Internet. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94(3), 486–519.
13.
MorenoR. (2001). Contributions to learning in an agent-based multimedia environment: A methods-media distinction. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies: Issues, Achievements, and Challenges (pp. 464–466).
14.
NCES. (2003). National assessment of educational progress: The nation's report card reading highlights 2003. National Center for Education Statistics. U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences NCES 2004-452.
15.
National Educational Goals Panel. (1999). Reading achievement state by state, 1999. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
16.
National Reading Panel. (2000). Teaching children to read: An evidence-based assessment of the scientific research literature on reading and its implications for reading instruction. Washington, DC: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and U.S. Department of Education.
17.
SalomonG.GlobersonT.GutermanE. (1989). The computer as a zone of proximal development: Internalizing reading-related metacognitions from a reading partner. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(4), 620–627.
18.
WassermanE.MillgramY. (2004). Systemic model for examination of countrywide school computerization. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 33(4), 321–353.
19.
WijekumarK.MeyerB. J. F. (2006). Design and pilot of a Web-based intelligent tutoring system to improve reading comprehension in middle school students. International Journal of Technology in Teaching and Learning, 2(1).