The relationship between the salience of death and decade, sex, age, and education is explored through a nationally representative, random sample of 1,428 respondents in 1957 and 1976. A thematic apperceptive procedure is utilized and stories are coded for reference to death. An attempt is made to validate the death variable with selected variables from a research questionnaire. A significant historical increase in concerns about death is found, although the change is strongest among women and the young. Implications for psychological research both current and past are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ShneidmanE., Deaths of Man, Penguin Books, Inc., New York, 1974.
2.
LesterD., Experimental and Correlational Studies of the Fear of Death, Psychological Bulletin, 67: 1, 1967.
3.
TemplerD., The Construction and Validation of a Death Anxiety Scale, The Journal of General Psychology, 82, 1970.
4.
DicksteinL., Death Concern: Measurement and Correlates, Psychological Reports, 30, 1972.
5.
StevensS.CooperP.ThomasL., Age Norms for Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, Psychological Reports, 46, 1980.
6.
JeffersF.NicholsC.EisdorferC., Attitudes of Older Persons Toward Death: A Preliminary Study, Journal of Gerontology, 16: 1, 1961.
7.
SwensonW., Attitudes Toward Death in an Aged Population, Journal of Gerontology, 16, 1961.
8.
MarshallV., Age and Awareness of Finitude in Developmental Gerontology, Omega, 6: 2, 1975.
9.
ChappellN., Awareness of Death in the Disengagement Theory: A Conceptualization arid an Empirical Investigation, Omega, 6: 4, 1975.
10.
KeithP., Perceptions of Time Remaining and Distance from Death, Omega, 12: 4, 1981–82.
11.
StricherzM.CunninghamL., Death Concerns of Students, Employed Persons and Retired Persons, Omega, 12: 4, 1981–82.
12.
DurlakJ.KassR., Clarifying the Measurement of Death Attitudes: A Factor Analytic Evaluation of Fifteen Self-Report Death Scales, Omega, 12: 2, 1981–82.
13.
KastenbaumR.AisenbergR., The Psychology of Death, Springer Publishing Co., New York, 1972.
14.
FeifelH., Judgment of Time in Younger and Older Persons, Journal of Gerontology, 12, 1957.
15.
WolffK., Personality Type and Reaction Toward Aging and Death, Geriatrics, 21, 1966.
16.
BascueL.LawrenceR., A Study of Subjective Time and Death in the Elderly, Omega, 8: 1, 1977.
17.
McDonaldG., Sex, Religion and Risk-Taking Behavior as Correlates of Death Anxiety, Omega, 7: 1, 1976.
18.
SandersJ.PooleT.RiversW., Death Anxiety among the Elderly, Psychological Reports, 46, 1980.
19.
FeifelH., Attitudes Toward Death in Some Normal and Mentally Ill Populations, in The Meaning of Death, FeifelH. (ed.,) McGraw Hill Books, New York, 1959.
20.
FreudS., Thoughts for the Times on War and Death, Collected Papers, 4, The Hogarth Press, 1915.
21.
RhudickP.DibnerA., Age, Personality and Health Correlates of Death Concern in Normal Aged Individuals, Journal of Gerontology, 16, 1961.
22.
GurinG.VeroffJ.FeldS., Americans View Their Mental Health, Basic Books, New York, 1960.
23.
VeroffJ., The Inner American, Basic Books, New York, 1981.
24.
AbtL.BellakL., Projective Psychology, Grove Press, New York, 1972.
25.
WillemsE. P., A Rationale for Naturalistic Research, in Naturalistic Viewpoints in Psychological Research, WillemsE. P.RaushH. (eds.), Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 1969.
26.
BrunswikE., Perception and the Representative Design of Psychological Experiments, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1956.
27.
KastenbaumR., Death as a Research Problem in Social Gerontology: An Overview, The Gerontologist, 6: 61, 1966.
28.
ShneidmanE., The College Student and Death, in New Meanings of Death, FeifelH. (ed.), McGraw Hill, New York, 1977.
29.
EscalonaS., Growing Up with the Threat of Nuclear War: Some Indirect Effects on Personality Development, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52: 4, October 1982.
30.
LiftonR. J., The Sense of Immortality: On Death and the Continuity of Life, in New Meanings of Death, FeifelH. (ed.), McGraw Hill, New York, 1977.
31.
LiftonR. J., The Broken Connection: On Death and the Continuity of Life, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1979.
32.
SchwebelM., Effects of the Nuclear War Threat on Children and Teenagers: Implications for Professionals, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 52: 4, October 1982.
33.
RichardsonV.BermannS., Social Change in the Salience of Illness among Adults in America: Implications for Practice in Health and Social Work, Journal of General Psychology, 1983.