The Pueblo IV period in the northern Rio Grande valley of New Mexico (AD 1200–1540) was one of increasing climatic and demographic variability. Analysis of certain chipped stone tools from Arroyo Hondo, New Mexico (LA-12) has provided an understanding of some of the means prehistoric populations in the region employed to cope with this variability, focusing on changes in productive strategy. A theoretical model of resource restriction is presented, derived from general ecological studies and recent research into the relationships between population growth and cultural change. Selected lithic data are used to test implications of the model. The results of these tests and their bearing on the general model are then discussed.
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