It was hypothesized that values should reflect the ontogenetic development of the individual, and that a person should develop values that are appropriate to his role, development, and function within the society. Forty white middle-class males were given the Havighurst Life Satisfaction Scale and several values to be rated on the Semantic Differential. It was shown that adjusted old men considered work related values to be much less important than unadjusted men. Further, a comparison of the present older sample with a middle-aged sample revealed that the older individuals rated hedonistic values as much more important than the middle-aged sample.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
ArkoffA.Adjustment and Mental Health. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
2.
BellT.The relationship between social involvement and feeling old among residents in homes for the aged. Journal of Gerontology, 1967, 22, p. 17–22.
3.
BuhlerC.BrindA.HornerA.Old Age as a phase of human life: Questionnaire study. Human Development, 1968, 11, p. 53–63.
4.
BusseE. W.PfeifferE. (Ed.) Behavior & Adaptation In Later Life. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969.
5.
CarpF. M.Some components of disengagement. Journal of Gerontology, 1968, 23, p. 382–386.
6.
ColemanJ. C.Personality Dynamics and Effective Behavior. Chicago: Scott, Foresman, and Company, 1960.
7.
CrawfordM. P.Retirement & Role Playing Sociology. The Journal of British Sociological Association, 1972, 6, p. 216.
8.
CummingE. and HenryW. E.Growing Old. New York: Basic Books, 1961.
9.
CunninghamD. A.MontoyeH. J.MetznerH. L.KellerJ. B.Active leisure time activities as related to age among males in a total population. Journal of Gerontology, 1968, 23, p. 551–556.
10.
DesrochesH. F.KaimanB. D.LarsenE. R.CarmanP. M.Age and leisure-time activities in a V.A. domiciliary. Geriatrics, 1965, 20, p. 1065–1069.
11.
FeatherN. T.Educational choice and student attitudes in relation to terminal and instrumental values. Australian Journal of Psychology, 1970, 22, p. 127–144.
12.
FishbeinM.Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1967.
13.
FowlerF. J. and McCallaM. E.Correlates of morale among aged in Greater Boston. Proceedings of Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, 1969, 4, (Part 2), 733–733.
14.
GoldmanS.Social aging, disorganization and loss of choice. Gerontologist, 1971, 11, p. 158–162.
15.
GrantC. R. H.Age differences in self concept from early adulthood through old age. Dissertation Abstracts, 1967, 28B, p. 1160–1161.
16.
HalpernD.The relationship of work values to satisfaction with retirement and future time perspective. Dissertation Abstracts, 1967, 28B, p. 2125–2126.
17.
HavighurstR. J.Personality and patterns of aging. Gerontologist, 1968, 8, p. 20–23.
18.
HavighurstR. J.NeugartenB. L.TobinS. S.Disengagement and Patterns of Aging in Middle Age: Aging. NeugartenB. L. (Ed.), Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1968.
19.
KluckhohnC.Values and Value Orientations in the Theory of Action in Culture and Behavior. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1962.
20.
La PiereR. T.Attitudes vs. Action. Social Forces, 1934, 14, p. 230–237.
21.
LevineR. L.Disengagement in the elderly-its causes and effects. Nursing Outlook, 1969, 17, p. 28–30.
22.
LipmanA.SmithK. J.Functionality of disengagement in old age. Journal of Gerontology, 1968, 23, p. 517–521.
23.
MaddoxG. L.Activity and morale: A longitudinal study of selected elderly subjects. Social Forces, 1963, 42, p. 195–204.
24.
OsgoodC.SuciG. and TannenbaumP.The measurement of meaning, Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1957.
25.
PooikajH.Social psychological factors and “successful aging.”Sociology and Social Research, 1972, 56 (3), p. 289–301.
26.
ReichardS.LivsonF.PetersonP.Aging and Personality—A study of 87 older men. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1962.
27.
RokeachM.The open and closed mind. New York: Basic Books, 1960.
28.
RokeachM.A theory of organization and change within value attitude systems. Journal of Social Issues, 1968, 24, p. 13–33.
29.
RokeachM.Beliefs Attitudes and Values. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc. Publishers, 1969.
30.
RokeachM.Faith, hope and bigotry. Psychology Today, 1970, April, p. 33–37, 58.
31.
RokeachM.ParkerS.Values as social indicators of poverty and race relations in America. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, March, 1970.
32.
RokeachM.Long-range modification of values, attitudes and behavior. American Psychologist, 1971(a), 26, p. 453–459.
33.
RokeachM.MillerM.SnyderJ. A.The value gap between police and policed. Journal of Social Issues, 1971(b), 27, (2), p. 155–171.
34.
RokeachM.The measurement of values and value systems. In AbcarianG. and SouleJ. W. (Eds.) Social Psychology and Political Behavior. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill, 1971(c).
35.
RomanP.TaietzP.Organizational structure and disengagement: The emeritus professor. Gerontologist, 1967, 7, p. 147–152.
36.
ShananJ.SharonM.Personality and functioning of Israeli males during the middle years. Hum. Development, 1965, 8, p. 2–15.
37.
ShanasE.A note on restriction of life space: Attitudes of age cohorts. J. Hlth. Soc. Behav., 1968, 9, p. 86–90.
38.
StraussD.The relationship between perception of the environment and the retrenchment syndrome in a geriatric population. Dissert. Abstr., 1963, 24, p. 1275–1276.
39.
TallmerM.KutnerB.Disengagement and morale. Gerontologist, 1970, 10, p. 317–320.
40.
VogelB. S.SchellR. E.Vocational interest patterns in late maturity and retirement. J Gerontol, 1968, 23, p. 66–70.
