Rigid adherence to culture histories has masked important regional variability and limited questions regarding cultural diversity and social dynamics during the Late Archaic in the Northeast. Considering multiple regional and subregional histories allows for innovative interpretations of hunter-gatherers. Analysis of variability at the Castle Gardens site serves as one case study challenging the traditional culture-historic framework that describes the relationship between the Vestal and Lamoka phases in the Allegheny Plateau region of the Northern Appalachians. The presence of contemporaneous Vestal and Lamoka points suggests the possibility of stylistic differences related to function, intra- and inter-group identity formation, interaction, representation, and reproduction.
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