A fifty hour self-development approach to drug education which included values clarification, empathy training, drug information, with considerable peer interaction was evaluated by means of a true experiment. No differences were found between treatment and no-treatment groups in terms of drug usage, drug knowledge, and self-esteem. However, the treated group did develop more empathy skills. The results are used to emphasize the importance of clearly stating objectives and designing specific interventions for each objective.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
WaldP. M. and AbramsA., Drug Education, in the Drug Abuse Survey Project, Dealing with Drug Abuse, Praeger, New York, pps. 123–172, 1972.
2.
RichardsL., Evaluation in Drug Education, School Health Review, 2, pps. 22–27, 1971.
3.
BrownE.Jr. and Klein, The Effects of Drug Education Programs on Attitude Change, Journal of Drug Education, 5(1), pps. 51–56, 1975.
4.
JaffeeD. and ClarkT., Unpublished Drug Education Evaluation Study, funded by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Behavior Today, 3(46), p. 2, 1972.
5.
Macro System, Inc., Unpublished Drug Education Evaluation Study, funded by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Behavior Today, (46), p. 2, 1972.
6.
SwisherJ.WarnerR. and HerrE., Experimental Comparison of Four Approaches to Drug Abuse Prevention Among Ninth and Eleventh Graders, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 19(4), pps. 328–332, 1972.
7.
StuartR., Teaching Facts About Drugs: Pushing or Preventing (in press), Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1974.
8.
WongM. R. and ZimmermanR., Changes in Teachers' Attitude Toward Drugs Associated with a “Social Seminar” Course, Journal of Drug Education, 4(4), 1974.
9.
DuPontR. L., Drug-Abuse Education a Failure So Far, Los Angeles Times, 2, pps. 7–25, 1974.
10.
ZimeringS., Health and Drug Education — How Effective? (An Instrument to Evaluate Your Drug Education Program), Journal of Drug Education, 4(3), pps. 269–280, 1974.
11.
WolfsonE. A.LavenharM. A.BlumR.QuinonesM. A.EinsteinS., and LouriaD. B., Survey of Drug Abuse in Six New Jersey High Schools, 1. Methodology and General Findings, In: EinsteinS., and AllenS. (eds), Proceedings of the First Internation Conference on Student Drug Surveys, (Sept. 12–15, 1971, Newark, New Jersey), Bay wood Publishing Company, Inc., New York, p. 25, 1972.
12.
PolkK., Drinking and the Adolescent Culture, Unpublished Manuscript, Lane County Youth Project, Eugene, Orgeon, 1970.
13.
Delhi University School of Social Work, Students and Drug Use: A Study Conducted Among the Students of Delhi University, Rachana Publications, Kamala Nagar, Delhi-7, 1972.
14.
CaponeT.McLaughlinJ. H., and SmithF., Peer Group Leadership Program in Drug Abuse Prevention 1970–1971 Academic Year, Journal of Drug Education, 3(3), p. 201, 1973.
15.
HoffmanA., Real Research in Drug Education: The Irrelevant Variable, (ERIC ED, 058 571), 1971.
16.
StuartR. B. and SchumanM. C., Tripping and Taking in Mid-America: A Survey of Teenage Drug Abuse in Four Michigan Communities, Office of Drug Abuse and Alcoholism, Lansing, Michigan, 1972.
17.
SwisherJ.CrawfordJ.GoldsteinR., and YuraM., Drug Education: Pushing or Preventing?, Peabody Journal of Education, 55, pps. 68–75, 1971.
18.
PoeN.BoyntonK., and AllmanP., A Comparison of Self-Concept, Reflected Self and Ideal Self of Drug Abusers, Unpublished Manuscript, Florida Atlantic University, 1972.
19.
SamuelsD. J. and SamuelsM., Low Self-Concept as a Cause of Drug Abuse, Journal of Drug Education, 4(4), pps. 421–437, 1974.
20.
DohnerA., Turned Off Drugs — Turned On To Life, Symposium presented at the meeting of the International Congress on Drug Education, Montreux, Switzerland, October, 1973.
21.
PiorkowskiG. H., Drug Education at its Best — The Shaping of Values And Anti-Drug Attitudes, Journal of Drug Education, 3, pps. 31–38, 1973.
22.
KaneH., The Challenge of Preventive Drug Education, Symposium presented at the meeting of the International Congress of Drug Education, Montreux, Switzerland, 1973.
23.
MeyersE., The Effects of a Drug Education Program Based on a Causal Approach to Human Behavior, Symposium presented at the meeting of the International Congress on Drug Education, Montreux, Switzerland, 1973.
24.
KaganN., Can We Improve the Ways in Which People Relate to Each Other?Influencing Human Interaction, Educational Development Program Report, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, (36), 1973.
25.
RathsL.HarminM., and SimonS., Values and Teaching, Columbus, Ohio, 1966.
26.
RossiP. H.GovesW. E., and GrafsteinD., Life Styles and Campus Communities, Pamphlet-Questionnaire, Johns Hopkins University Department of Social Relations, Baltimore, 1971.
27.
SmithR. F. and SmithL. S., Overdose Aid, Michigan Department of Social Services, 1972.
28.
RosenbergM., Society and the Adolescent Self-Image, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1965.
29.
HoytC., Test Reliability Obtained by Analysis of Variance, Psychometrika, 6, pps. 153–160, 1941.
30.
CampbellD. T. and StanleyJ. C., Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research, Rand McNally, Chicago, 1966.
31.
HoranJ. H., Outcome Difficulties in Drug Education, Review of Educational Research, 44, pps. 203–211, 1975.
32.
WalkerD. F. and SchaffarzickJ., Comparing Curricula, Review of Educational Research, 44, pps. 83–112, 1974.