A descriptive cross sectional survey using an interviewer-administered questionnaire was carried out among 700 caregivers whose children had fever during the previous two weeks. The aim was to determine the community effectiveness of malaria treatment using arthemeter-lumefantrine (AL) among under-5-year-olds in a rural community in southwestern Nigeria. A total of 353 (50.9%) children received AL. About half of these children (49%) were said to have been treated within 24 hours of onset of symptoms; 44% took the drug for the stipulated period of time; 42% received the correct dosage; and only 4% received all the treatment steps. With a drug efficacy of 100%, AL achieved a community effectiveness of 4%. The greatest effort in the home management of malaria strategy should be in reducing delay in treatment and improving dosage and duration of treatment.
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