A Web survey of 376 students from one university and interviews with a subset of 19 explored responses to the events of September 11, 2001 and campus-specific traumatic events during the 2001-2002 academic year. Participants described their responses, coping behaviors, and the usefulness of university services. Results are discussed in terms of applicability to current and potential traumas affecting college students.
AiA. L.Evans-CampbellT.SantangeloL. K., & CascioT. (2006). The traumatic impact of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and the potential protection of optimism. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 21(5), 689–700.
2.
BackelsK., & WheelerI. (2001). Faculty perceptions of mental health issues among college students. Journal of College Student Development, 42, 173–176.
3.
BalkD. E. (1997). Death, bereavement and college students: A descriptive analysis. Mortality, 2, 207–220.
4.
BalkD. E. (2001). College student bereavement, scholarship, and the university: A call for university engagement. Death Studies, 25, 67–84.
5.
BalkD. E. (2004). Loss and recovery of loss. Death Studies, 28, 173–180.
6.
BeckerC.ChasinL.ChasinR.HerzigM.MadsenB.RothS., & StainsR.Jr. (2002). Fostering dialogue about what the September 11 events mean to us. Journal of Systemic Therapies, 21, 123–124.
7.
BlosP. (1979). The adolescent passage: Development issues.New York: International Universities Press.
8.
BonannoG. A.GaleaS.BucciarelliA., & VlahovD. (2006). Psychological resilience after disaster: New York City in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attack. Psychological Science, 17(3), 181–186.
9.
BurgessA. W., & RobertsA. R. (2005). Crisis intervention for persons diagnosed with clinical disorders based on the stress-crisis continuum. In RobertsA. (Ed.), Crisis intervention handbook: Assessment, treatment, and research (pp. 120–140). New York: Oxford University Press.
10.
CicirelliV. G. (1998). Personal meanings of death in relation to fear of death. Death Studies, 22, 713–734.
11.
CurrierJ. M.HollandJ. M., & NeimeyerR. A. (2006). Sense-making, grief, and the experience of violent loss: Toward a mediational model. Death Studies, 30, 403–428.
12.
FlynnK. C., & BoisseauT. J. (2002). Teaching the day after: An assessment of university pedagogy in the wake of September 11, 2001. Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 33, 350–367.
13.
FreemanS. J. (2005). Grief and loss: Understanding the journey.Belmont, CA: Thomson.
14.
GaleaS.AhrenJ.ResnidkH.KilpatrickD.BucuvalasM.GoldJ. (2002). Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York City. The New England Journal of Medicine, 436, 982–987.
15.
HalloranL. (2007). For a moment, we are all the Hokie nation. U.S. News and World Report, 142(15), 13–14.
16.
HerkertB. M. (2000). Communicating grief. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 41(2), 93–115.
17.
Honos-WebbL.HartS. Sunwolf, & ScaliseJ. (2006). How to help after national catastrophes: Findings following 9/11. The Humanistic Psychologist, 34, 75–97.
18.
HurdR. C. (1999). Adults view their childhood bereavement experiences. Death Studies, 23(1), 17–42.
19.
JordanJ. R., & NeimeyerR. A. (2003). Does grief counseling work?Death Studies, 27(9), 765–786.
20.
KastenbaumR. J. (2007). Violent death: Murder, terrorism, genocide, disaster, and accident. In KastenbaumR. J. (Ed.), Death, society, and human experience (9th ed., pp. 233–265). New York: Allyn and Bacon.
21.
KettlP., & BixlerE. (2002). Changes in psychotropic drug use after September 11, 2001. Psychiatric Services, 53, 1475–1476.
22.
LangeN. (2002). How did September 11th affect students?About Campus, May-June, 21–24.
23.
MeilmanP. W., & HallT. M. (2006). Aftermath of tragic events: The development and use of community support meetings on a university campus. Journal of American College Health, 54(6), 382–384.
24.
MeisenhelderJ. B. (2002). Terrorism, posttraumatic stress, and religious coping. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 23(8), 771–782.
25.
MooneyD. C., & O'GormanJ. G. (2001). Construct validity of the revised Collett-Lester fear of death and dying scale. Omega: Journal of Death and Dying, 43(2), 157–173.
26.
NeimeyerR. A. (2000). Searching for the meaning of meaning: Grief therapy and the process of reconstruction. Death Studies, 24(6), 541–558.
27.
NixonR. D. V., & NishithP. (2005). September 11 attacks: Prior interpersonal trauma, dysfunctional cognitions, & trauma response in a midwestern university sample. Violence & Victims, 20(4), 471–480.
28.
PfefferbaumR.FairbrotherG.BrandtE.RobertsonM.GurwitchR.StuberJ., & PfefferbaumB. (2004). Teachers in the aftermath of terrorism. Family and Community Health, 27(3), 250–259.
29.
PandyaA., & WeidenP. J. (2001). Trauma and disaster in psychiatrically vulnerable populations. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 7(6), 426–430.
30.
ParkC. L. (2005). Religion as a meaning-making framework in coping with life stress. Journal of Social Issues, 61(4), 707–729.
31.
ReserJ., & MuncerS. (2004). Sense-making in the wake of September 11th: A network analysis of lay understandings. British Journal of Psychology95, 283–296.
32.
SchlengerW. E.CaddellJ. M.EbertL.JordanB. K.RourkeK. M.WilsonD.ThaljiL.DennisJ. M.FairbankJ. A., & KulkaR. A. (2002). Psychological reactions to terrorist attacks. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(21), 281–588.
33.
SchroederK. (2005, September). The class of 9/11. The Education Digest. Retrieved November 7, 2006 from www.eddiggest.com
34.
SchusterM. A.SteinB. D.JaycoxL. H.CollinsR. L.MarshallG. N., & ElliottM. N. (2001). A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(20), 1507–1512.
35.
SeoD. C.BlaireE.TorabiM., & KaldaheM. (2004). Lifestyle and perceptual challenges among college students since September 11. American Journal of Health Studies, 19(1), 20–27.
36.
ShalevA. Y. (2004). Further lessons from 9/11: Does stress equal trauma?Psychiatry, 67(2), 174–177.
37.
SiloveD.SteelZ., & PsycholM. (2006). Understanding community psychosocial needs after disasters: Implications for mental health services. Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, 52(2), 121–125.
38.
SilverR. C.HolmanE. A.McIntoshD. N.PoulinM., & Gil-RivasV. (2002). Nationwide longitudinal study of psychological responses to September 11. Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(10), 1235–1244.
39.
StevensM. J.PfostK. S., & WesselsA. B. (1987). The relationship of purpose in life to coping strategies and time since the death of a significant other. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65, 424–426.
40.
ThomasS. J. (2004). Using Web and paper questionnaires for data-based decision making: From design to interpretation of results.Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
41.
TothP. L.StocktonR., & BrowneF. (2000). College student grief and loss. In HarveyJ. H. & MillerE. D. (Eds.), Loss and trauma: General and close relationship perspectives (pp. 237–248). New York: Brunner-Rutledge.
42.
TrammellM. (1999). Development of a grief workshop at a community college. TCA Journal, 27, 87–91.
43.
Walsh-BurkeK. (2006). Grief and loss: Theories and skills for helping professionals.Boston: Pearson.
44.
WaymentH. A. (2007). It could have been me: Vicarious victims and disaster-focused distress. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30(4), 515–528.
45.
WilkinsonC. K. (2002). September 11, 2001. New Directions for Student Services, 99, 87–96.
46.
WrennR. L. (1991). College management of student death: A survey. Death Studies, 12(3), 395–402.
47.
WrennR. L. (1999). The grieving college student. In DavidsonJ. D. & DokaK. J. (Eds.), Living with grief: At work, at school, at worship (pp. 131–141). Washington, DC: Hospice Foundation of America.