Maple sugaring as a part of prehistoric subsistence cannot be sustained solely by archaeological research. Historic documents have to be part of the investigation, and as yet they will not support sugaring in the earliest historic periods.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AdamsArthur T. (ed.) 1961The Explorations of Pierre Esprit Radisson, Ross and Haines, Minneapolis.
2.
BlairE. H. (ed.) 1911The Indian Tribes of the Upper Mississippi Valley and Region of the Great Lakes, Arthur H. Clark, Cleveland.
3.
ChamberlainA. F.1891Maple Sugar and the Indians, American Anthropologist, 4, pp. 381–383.
4.
De CharlevoixPierre1966Journal of a Voyage to North America 1, reprinted University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, (originally published in 1761).
5.
DensmoreFrancis1928Uses of Plants by the Chippewa Indians, 44th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 279–397, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
6.
DensmoreFrancis1929Chippewa Customs, Bulletin 86 of the Bureau of American Ethnology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
7.
FittingJames E. and ClelandCharles E.1969Late Prehistoric Settlement Patterns in the Upper Great Lakes, Ethnohistory, 16, pp. 289–302.
8.
FlanneryRegina1939An Analysis of Coastal Algonquian Culture, The Catholic University of America Anthropological Series 7, Catholic University of America Press, Washington, D.C.
9.
GouldR. A.1980Living Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, New York.
10.
HennepinLouis1966A Description of Louisiana, (Reprinted). University Microfilm, Ann Arbor. Originally published in 1880.
11.
HenshawH. W.1890Indian Origin of Maple Sugar, American Anthropologist, 3, pp. 341–351.
12.
HoffmanWalter J.1896The Menomini Indians, 14th Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
13.
HolmanMargaret B.1984The Identification of Late Woodland Maple Sugaring Sites in the Upper Great Lakes, Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology9, pp. 66–90.
14.
HolmanMargaret B. and EganKathryn1985Processing Maple Sap with Prehistoric Techniques, Journal of Ethnobiology5, pp. 61–75.
15.
JennessDiamond1977Indians of Canada (Reprinted), University of Toronto Press, Ottawa, originally published in 1932 as Bulletin 65, Anthropological Series 15 of the National Museum of Canada.
16.
KeesingFelix M.1977The Menomini Indians of Wisconsin (Reprinted), Johnson Reprint Corporation, originally published in 1939.
17.
KinietzW. Vernon1940The Indians of the Western Great Lakes 1615–1760, Occasional Contributions of the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Michigan 10, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
18.
KinglseyRobert G. and GarlandElizabeth B.1980The DeBoer Site: A Late Allegan Phase Site in Allegan County, Michigan, The Michigan Archaeologist, 26, pp. 3–44.
19.
LoftusM. K.1977A Late Historic Period Chippewa Sugar Maple Camp. The Wisconsin Archaeologist, 58, pp. 71–16.
20.
OrmeBryony1980Anthropology for Archaeologists, Cornell University Press, Ithaca.
21.
PendergastJames D.1974The Sugarbush Site, Ontario Archaeologist, 23, pp. 31–61.
22.
PendergastJames D.1982The Origin of Maple Sugar, Syllogeus, No. 36. National Museums of Canada, Ottawa.
23.
QuimbyGeorge I.1966Indian Culture and European Trade Goods, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
24.
SchuetteH. A. and IhdeA. J.1946Maple Sugar: A Bibliography of Early Records II, Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Transactions38, pp. 89–184.
25.
SchuetteH. A. and SchuetteSybil C.1935Maple Sugar; A Bibliography of Early Records, I. Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, Transactions, 29, pp. 209–236.
26.
SmithH. H.1932Ojibwe Ethnobotany, Bulletin of the Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee, 4:3.
27.
Thornton1798Of an Attempt to Make Maple Sugar above a Hundred Years Ago, Philadelphia Magazine, 1, pp. 322–323.
28.
ThwaitesRuben G. (ed.) 1897–1901The Jesuit Relations and Allied Documents, (73 vols). Burrows Brothers, Cleveland.
29.
TookerElisabeth1967An Ethnography of the Huron Indians 1615–1649, Huronia Historical Development Council and the Ontario Department of Education, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
30.
WarrenWilliam W.1984History of the Ojibwa People, Minnesota Historical Society Press, St. Paul.