Citizenship is a site of social conflict which (among other things) involves struggle about the role of government in welfare. This article explores some of the responses to recent pressures on the welfare state in relation to new administrative structures for mass welfare and to the arrangements for managing unemployed people. The experience of the United Kingdom is compared with that of countries with more pluralist traditions of administration. The general point being made is that some changes may both reinforce the possibilities for struggle over welfare by those within the ambit of the mass welfare services, and simultaneously permit the development of stronger barriers to exclude minorities. The first of these developments is not necessarily what the authors of policy change anticipate, while the second conflicts with common expectations of welfare citizenship. Welfare citizenship cuts two ways.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
MarhsallT. H.Citizenship and social class. In Sociology at the Crossroads and Other Essays. Heinemann, London, 1963 [1947].
2.
PatemanC.The patriarchal welfare state. In The Disorder of Women. Polity Press, Chicago, 1989.
3.
DelphyC.Close to Home. Hutchinson, London, 1984.
4.
ListerR.Women, economic dependency and citizenship. J. Soc. Policy19, 1990.
5.
LeibfriedS.Towards a European Welfare State? Paper presented at the First All-European Dialogue on Social Policies, Helsinki, 1990.
6.
OECD. Economic Outlook, No. 51. Paris, May 1992.
7.
OECD. The Future of Social Protection. Paris, 1988.
8.
European Community. Childcare in the EC, Women of Europe, Suppl. 31. Brussels, 1990.
9.
JallinojaR.Women between family and employment. In Changing Patterns of Family Life in Europe, edited by BohK., Routledge, London, 1989.
10.
ReuterswärdA.Public spending on labour-market programmes. Int. J. Health Stud. 21, 1991.
11.
GinsburgN.Divisions of Welfare: A Critical Introduction to Comparative Social Policy. Sage, London, 1992.
12.
MückenbergerU.The Trend to Non-standard Forms of Work and the Role of Changes in Labour and Social Security Regulation. Paper presented at the Conference on Anglo-German Social Policy, University of Nottingham, 1991.
13.
AbrahamsonP. E.Welfare and poverty in the Europe of the 1990s: Social progress or social dumping?Int. J. Health Serv. 21: 237–264, 1991.
14.
JenkinsS.O'HigginsM.Poverty in Europe: Estimates for 1975, 1980, and 1985. Paper presented at the E.C. Commission seminar on Poverty Statistics in the E.C., Erasmus University, Rotterdam, 1989.
15.
European Community. Final Report on the Second European Community Poverty Programme, 1985–9. Brussels, 1991.
16.
DeanH.Taylor-GoobyP.Dependency Culture: The Explosion of a Myth. Harvester Wheatsheaf, Hemel Hempstead, 1992.
17.
FeatherstoneM.In pursuit of the post-modern: An introduction. Theory, Culture and Society5, 1988.
18.
LashS.UrryJ.The End of Organised Capitalism. Polity Press, Oxford, 1987.
19.
OffeC.Disorganised Capitalism: Contemporary Transformations of Work and Politics. Polity Press, Oxford, 1985.
20.
BoddyM.Industrial Re-structuring, Post-Fordism and New Industrial Spaces: A Critique. Paper presented to the International Sociological Association conference, Rio de Janeiro. [Quoted in reference 24.]
21.
HandyC.The Future of Work. Blackwell, Oxford, 1984.
HoggettP.Modernisation, Political Strategy and the Welfare State. Studies in Decentralisation and Quasi-markets, No. 2. School for Advanced Urban Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, 1990.
24.
SmartB.Modernity, post-modernity and the present. In Theories of Modernity and Post-modernity, edited by TurnerB., Sage, London, 1990.
25.
WakefieldN.Post-modernism: The Twilight of the Real. Pluto Press, London, 1990.
WilliamsF.Somewhere over the Rainbow: Universality and Selectivity in Social Policy. Paper presented at the Social Policy Association, University of Nottingham, 1991.
28.
ElgerT.Flexible futures? New technology and the contemporary transformation of work. Work, Employment and Society1, 1987.
29.
PfallerA.GoughI.TherbornG. (eds.). Can the Welfare State Compete: A Comparative Study of Five Advanced Capitalist Countries?Macmillan, London, 1991.
30.
HinrichsK.Insecurity regarding social security: Public pensions and demographic changes in Germany. In Inter-Generational Rivalries, edited by GuilleminJ.HorowitzI., Transaction Books, New York, 1991.
31.
BaidockJ.Patterns of change in the delivery of welfare in Europe. In Markets and Managers: New Issues in the Delivery of Welfare, edited by Taylor-GoobyP.LawsonR., Open University Press, Milton Keynes, 1993.
32.
MüllerW.Germany, West. In Social Welfare in Developed Market Countries, edited by DixonJ.SchuerellR., Routledge, London, 1989.
33.
HeidenheimerA.HecloH.AdamsC.Comparative Public Policy. St. Martin's Press, New York, 1990.
34.
PiersonP.The Politics of Welfare State Retrenchment. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, 1991.
35.
EversA.SvetlikI.Balancing Pluralism: New Welfare Mixes in Care for the Elderly. Campus Verlag and Westview Press, Frankfurt and Boulder, 1992.
36.
RoseR.The State's Contribution to the Welfare Mix. Studies in Public Policy, No. 140. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, 1985.
37.
Esping-AndersenG.The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Polity Press, Oxford, 1990.
38.
Le GrandJ.Quasi-markets and Social Policy. Studies in Decentralisation and Quasi-markets, No. 1. School for Advanced Urban Studies University of Bristol, Bristol, 1990.
39.
Cabinet Office. Competing for Quality, Cm 1730. HMSO, London, 1991.
40.
EversA.NowotnyH.WintersbergerH.The Changing Face of Welfare. Gower, Aldershot, 1987.
41.
SimonsJ.Europe's ageing population. In Social Europe, edited by BaileyJ., Longman, London, 1992.
42.
LagergrenM.Employment, economy and care in Sweden by the year 2000. Soc. Sci. Med.25, 1987.
43.
Department of Health and Social Security. Working for Patients, Cm 555. HMSO, London, 1989.
44.
Ministry of Welfare, Health and Cultural Affairs. Changing Health Care in the Netherlands. The Hague, 1988.
45.
BaldockJ.EversA.Innovations and care of the elderly: The cutting edge of change for social welfare systems. Ageing and Society12, 1992.
46.
KraanR. J.Care for the Elderly: Significant Innovations in Three European Countries. Campus Verlag and Westview Press, Frankfurt and Boulder, 1991.
47.
BertelsenO.PlatzM.The Impact of Social and Economic Policies on Older People in Denmark. Report to the European Community Observatory on Older People, Commission of the European Communities, Directorate General V, Brussels, 1991.
48.
WaernessK.Bettering the Public Care Services: The Only Realistic Alternative for the Welfare of Ordinary People. Hasseludden Papers. European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, 1992.
49.
EversA.OlkT.The mix of care provisions for the frail elderly in the Federal Republic of Germany. In New Welfare Mixes for the Elderly, Vol. 3, edited by EversA.SvetlikI., European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, 1991.
50.
GuillemardA.-M.FroissardM.Caring for the Dependent Elderly: French Old Age Policies and the Welfare Mix. Hasseludden Papers. European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, 1992.
51.
ThorslundM.The increasing number of very old people will change the Swedish model of the welfare state. Soc. Sci. Med.32, 1991.
52.
AscoliU.The Italian Welfare State. In Time to Care in Tomorrow's Welfare Systems, edited by BalboL.NowotnyH., European Centre for Social Welfare, Training and Research, Vienna, 1986.
53.
BaldockJ.EversA.Citizenship and frail elderly people: Changing patterns of provision in Europe. In Social Policy Review, 1990–91, edited by ManningN., Longman, London, 1991.
54.
RaynerG.Lessons from America: The commercialization and growth of private health care in Britain. In The Corporate Transformation of Health Care, edited by SalmonJ. W., Baywood, Amityville, 1990.
55.
ButlerE.PirieM.YoungP.The Omega File. Adam Smith Institute, London, 1985.
56.
ButlerJ. R.Patients, Policies and Politics. The Open University Press, Milton Keynes, 1992.
57.
Cabinet Office. The Citizens' Charter, Cm 1599. HMSO, London, 1991.
58.
SaltmanR. B.Emerging trends in the Swedish health system. Int. J. Health Serv. 21: 615–623, 1991.
59.
DieckM.Redistribution of Political and Economic Influence of Relevant Actors within the System of Social Security and Service Provision in Germany. Hasseludden Papers. European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research, Vienna, 1992.
60.
Institute for Public Policy Research. Next Left: A New Agenda for the 1990s. London, 1992.
61.
BaldwinP.The Politics of Social Solidarity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990.
62.
MooreJ. (Secretary of State for Social Security). Welfare and Dependency. Speech to Conservative Constituency Parties Association, September 1987.
63.
MurrayC.Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1950–1980. Basic Books, New York, 1984.
64.
MeadL.Beyond Entitlement. Free Press, New York, 1986.
65.
WilsonW. J.Studying inner-city dislocations: The challenge of public agenda research, Presidential Address. Am. Sociol. Rev.56, 1991.
66.
HeathA.BuckN.Attitudes and the underclass. In The Underclass, edited by SmithD., Policy Studies Institute, London, 1992.
67.
BarrN.CoulterF.Social Security: Solution or problem. In The State of Welfare: The Welfare State in Britain since 1974, edited by HillsJ., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
68.
Child Poverty Action Group. Holes in the Safety-Net: Falling Standards for People in Poverty. London, 1990.
69.
GrayJ.The Moral Foundations of Market Institutions. Choice in Welfare Series, No. 10. Institute of Economic Affairs, London, 1992.
70.
KeaneJ.Democracy and Civil Society. Verso, London, 1988.
71.
GambleA.The free economy and the strong state. In Social Register, 1979, edited by SavilleJ.MilibandR., Merlin Press, London, 1979.
72.
The Sheffield Group [AlcockP. (eds.)]. The Social Economy and the Democratic State. Lawrence and Wishart, London, 1989.
73.
DoyalL.GoughI.A Theory of Human Need. Macmillan, London, 1991.
74.
TurnerB.Outline of a theory of citizenship. Sociology24, 1990.
