In this literature review, African-American representation at the doctoral level from the period spanning the 1970s through the mid-1990s was explored. The most important finding is that although the number of African-American doctorate recipients has increased in recent years, the overall percentage of doctorates that were awarded to African Americans in the mid-1990s was exactly the same as it was during the late 1970s. Another finding is that there is still economic disparity along racial and gender lines in the United States. Moreover, for a growing number of African Americans, the attainment of a professional degree appears to be more appealing and advantageous than the attainment of a doctorate.
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