Suicide and Homicide: A Test of a Role Theory of Destructive Behavior

Abstract

This paper reviewed major sociological and social psychological bodies of theory on murder and suicide: social integration theory, social loss theory, frustration-aggression theory, and role theory. A synthesis of these theoretical approaches focusing on the processes of reciprocity and unreciprocity in role playing was advanced and an empirical test was conducted. It was found that suicide victims tend to experience significantly more reciprocity and homicide offenders significantly more unreciprocity in their role relationships. In addition, when social role loss increased already high levels of social integration, suicide was probable. When social role loss decreased low levels of social integration, homicide was a more likely consequence.