What is presently known about the supervision of psychotherapy is described from a systems point of view. Supervision is conceptualized as a dynamic interchange between two individuals whose differing sets of expectations can profoundly affect the process. The authors propose that the supervisory relationship is best understood as a social learning system, with its own characteristic structure, rules of organization, hierarchical order and mode of extracting influence. Research reports on the supervisory process are also reviewed. Finally, given the emphasis placed on the supervised practice of psychotherapy by training programs, certification requirements and licensure laws, the need for further investigation is emphasized.
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