This paper discusses the unique aspects of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and the family's resultant grief process. SIDS as a family crisis is explored, and by identifying the psychological factors or tasks pertinent to family adjustment, a SIDS Family Adjustment Scale is proposed which assists in recognizing adaptive and maladaptive grief responses, predicting subsequent adjustment, and facilitating therapeutic interventions.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Valdes-DapenaM. A., Progress in Sudden Infant Death Research 1963–1969, BergmanA. B.BeckwithJ. B.RayC. G. (eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Causes of Sudden Infant Death in Infants, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1970.
2.
LowmanJ., Grief Intervention and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, American Journal of Community Psychology, 7, pp. 665–677, 1979.
3.
Valdes-DapneaM. A., Sudden and Unexpected Death in Infancy: A Review of the World Literature, 1954–1966, Pediatrics, 39, pp. 123–138, 1967.
4.
BergmanA. B.RayC. G.PomeroyM. A.WahlP. W.BeckwithJ. B., Studies of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in King County, Washington, III, Epidemiology, Pediatrics, 49, pp. 860–870, 1972.
5.
Valdes-DapenaM. A., Paper presented at the National Conference on SIDS Family Impact Research, Tallahassee, Florida, June, 1980.
6.
HalpernW., Some Psychiatric Sequelae to Crib Death, American Journal of Psychiatry, 129: 4, pp. 58–62, 1972.
7.
BeckwithJ. B., Discussion of Terminology and Definition of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, BergmanA. B.RayC. G. (eds.), Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Causes of Sudden Death in Infants, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1970.
8.
Valdes-DapenaM. A., Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: A Review of the Medical Literature 1974–1979, Pediatrics, 50, pp. 597–614, 1980.
9.
SteinschneiderA., Prolonged Apnea and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Clinical and Laboratory Observation, Pediatrics, 50, pp. 646–654, 1972.
10.
SteinschneiderA., Masopharyngitis and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Pediatrics, 60, pp. 531–533, 1977.
11.
BergmanA. B., Psychological Aspects of Sudden Unexpected Death in Infants and Children: Review and Commentary, Pediatric Clinics of North America, 21, pp. 115–121, 1974.
12.
SalkL., Sudden Infant Death: Impact on Family and Physician, Clinical Pediatrics, 10, pp. 248–250, 1971.
13.
BergmanA. B.PomeroyM. A.BeckwithJ. B., The Psychiatric Toll of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, General Practitioner, 40, pp. 99–105, 1969.
14.
DeFrainJ. D.EarnstL., The Psychological Effects of SIDS on Surviving Family Members, Journal of Family Practice, 6, pp. 985–989, 1978.
15.
SmialekZ., Observations on Immediate Reactions of Families to Sudden Infant Death, Pediatrics, 62, pp. 160–165, 1978.
16.
MandellF.WolfeL. C., Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Subsequent Pregnancy, Pediatrics, 56, pp. 774–776, 1975.
17.
MerrittT. A.BauerW. I.HasselmeyerE. G., Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: The Role of the Emergency Room Physician, Clinical Pediatrics, 14: 12, pp. 1095–1097, 1975.
18.
WeinsteinS. E., Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Impact on Families and a Direction for Change, American Journal of Psychiatry, 135: 7, pp. 831–834, 1978.
19.
CaplanG., Principles of Preventive Psychiatry, Basic Books, New York, 1964.
20.
ParadH., Crisis Intervention: Selected Readings, Family Service Association of America, New York, 1965.
21.
McGeeR., Crisis Intervention in the Community, University Park Press, Baltimore, 1974.
22.
ForerB. R., The Therapeutic Value of Crisis, Psychological Reports, 13, pp. 275–281, 1963.
23.
ArgyrisC., Intervention Theory and Method: A Behavioral Science View, Addison Wesley, Reading, MA, 1970.
24.
RappaportL., The State of Crisis: Some Theoretical Considerations, Social Science Review, 36, pp. 211–217, 1962.
25.
MarkusenE.OwenG.FultonR.BendiksenR., SIDS: The Survivor as Victim, Omega, 8: 4, pp. 277–284, 1978.
26.
AadalenS., Coping with SIDS: Intervention Strategies and a Case Study, Family Relations, 29, pp. 584–590, 1980.
27.
LindemannE., Symptomatology and Management of Acute Grief, American Journal of Psychiatry, 101, pp. 141–148, 1944.
28.
ZarleT.HartsoughD.OttingerD., Tornado Recovery: A Professional-Paraprofessional Response to Disaster, Journal of Community Psychology, 4, pp. 311–320, 1974.
29.
BlaufarbH.LevineJ., Crisis Intervention in an Earthquake, Social Work, 17: 4, pp. 16–19, 1972.
30.
PolakP.EganD.VandenbergR.WilliamsW., Prevention in Mental Health: A Controlled Study, American Journal of Psychiatry, 132: 2, pp. 146–148, 1975.
31.
ParkesC. M.BrownR. J., Health After Bereavement, Psychosomatic Medicine, 34: 5, pp. 449–461, 1972.
32.
EmeryJ., Welfare of Families of Children Found Unexpectedly Dead (“Cot Death”), British Medical Journal, 1, pp. 612–615, 1972.
33.
KaplanD. M., Problem Conception and Planned Intervention, GlasserP.GlasserL. (eds.), Families in Crisis, Harper and Row, New York, 1970.
34.
GoldbergS. B., Family Tasks and Reactions in the Crisis of Death, Social Work, 54, pp. 398–405, 1973.
35.
VollmanR. R.GanzertA.PicherL.WilliamsW., The Reaction of Family Systems to Sudden and Unexpected Death, Omega, 2, pp. 101–106, 1971.
36.
Hare-MustinR., Family Therapy Following the Death of a Child, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 5, pp. 51–59, 1979.
37.
DavisD. M., SIDS: An Opportunity for Primary Prevention, American Journal of Psychiatry, 132: 6, pp. 648–649, 1975.
38.
BeckwithJ. B., The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, DHEW Publication No. (HSA) 78-5251, U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1978.
39.
MandellF.BelkB., SIDS: The Disease and Its Survivors, Postgraduate Medicine, 62, p. 193, 1977.
40.
BugenL., Human Grief: A Model for Prediction and Intervention, American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 47: 2, pp. 196–206, 1977.
41.
BryerK. B., The Amish Way of Death: A Study of Family Support Systems, American Psychologist, 34: 3, pp. 255–261.
42.
CareyR. G., Emotional Adjustment in Terminal Patients: A Quantitive Approach, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 21, pp. 433–439, 1974.
43.
GibbsH. W.Achterberg-LawlisJ., Spiritual Values and Death Anxiety, Implications for Counseling with Terminal Cancer Patients, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25, pp. 563–569, 1978.
44.
ReesW.LutkinsG., Mortality of Bereavement, British Medical Journal, 4, pp. 13–16, 1967.
45.
SwitzerD. K., The Dynamics of Grief, Abingdon Press, Nashville, 1970.
46.
KuhnJ. S., Realignment of Emotional Forces Following Loss, The Family, 5, pp. 19–24, 1977.