A general model of stockraising settlement systems on the High Plains is presented. Major characteristics of cattle and sheep ranching as these activities have been practiced for the past century are discussed. The presentation of this model is necessary because a large body of archaeological information is currently being collected on the remains of stockraising activities which needs an interpretive framework. This model is designed to serve this purpose.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BardFloyd C.1964Dude Wrangler, Hunter, Line Driver, as told to Agnes Wright Spring, Sage Books, Denver.
2.
BennettJohn W.1969Northern Plainsmen: Adaptive Strategy and Agrarian Life, Aldine, Chicago.
3.
BiggersD. H.1957The Old Time Roundup, in The Best of the American Cowboy, AdamsR. F. (ed.), University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
4.
BinfordLewis R.1980Willow Smoke and Dogs' Tails: Hunter-Gatherer Settlement System and Archaeological Site Formation, American Antiquity, 45(1), pp. 4–20.
5.
DaleEdward E.1976Cow Country, 4th printing, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
6.
EdgarBob and TurnellJ.1978Brand of a Legend, Stockade Publishing, Cody, Wyoming.
7.
EdgarBob and TurnellJ.1979Lady of a Legend, Stockade Publishing, Cody, Wyoming.
8.
EricksonKeneth C.1979. Historic Artifact Scatters in South Central Wyoming, paper presented at the 37th Plains Anthropological Conference, Kansas City.
9.
FawcettWilliam B.Jr.1981Implications of Ethnoarchaeological research on Wyoming Pastoralists for Hunter-Gatherer Studies. The Wyoming Archaeologist, Symposium issue, June/September, pp. 55–85.
10.
FawcettWilliam B.Jr.LatadyW., and HockenstadP.1981Archaeological Investigations along the Carter Northwest Highway Project, Uintah County, Wyoming, manuscript on file at the Office of Wyoming State Archaeologist, Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie.
11.
GreenstreetR.1980A Winter Herding Sheep on the Red Desert, Annals of Wyoming, 52(1), pp. 10–17.
12.
HofmanJack L.1982Exploring Intrasite Patterning and Assemblage Variation on Historic Sheepherder Sites, North American Archaeologist, 3, pp. 89–111.
13.
IversonPeter1979Wyoming: Still a Cowboy State?Annals of Wyoming, 52(2), pp. 4–7.
14.
KellyRobert L.1980Settlement Pattern Variation: The Role of Historic Archaeology, paper presented at the 45th annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 1–3.
15.
KornfeldMarcel1982Stockraising Settlement Strategies, MA thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Wyoming, Laramie.
16.
LarsonT. A.1965History of Wyoming, University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
17.
MalacheckJohn C. and SmithB. M.1976Behavior of Range Cows in Response to Winter Weather, Journal of Range Management, 29(1), pp. 9–12.
18.
OlsonT.1973Ranch on the Laramie, An Atlantic Monthly Press Book, Little, Brown and Company, Boston.
19.
PaineR.1972The Herd Management of Lapp Reindeer Pastoralists, in Perspectives on Nomadism, IronsW., and Dyson-HudsonN. (eds.), E. J. Grill, Leiden, pp. 76–87.
20.
ReherCharles A. (ed.) 1977Settlement and Subsistence along the Lower Chaco River: The CGP Survey, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
21.
ReherCharles A. (ed.) 1979The Western Powder River Survey: Report of Survey Results, The Wyoming Recreation Commission, State Archaeologists Office, University of Wyoming, Laramie.
22.
RollinsP. A.1936The Cowboy, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
23.
RossillonMary P.1980An Overview of History in the Drainage Basin of Middle Fork of Salmon River, University of Idaho Anthropological Research Manuscript Series No. 60, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Idaho, Moscow.
24.
SandersPaulKornfeldM.LarsonM. L.LarsonT. K.ThompsonM.StricklandH.SchweigertK., and SpathC.1982An Intensive Cultural Resource Inventory of Kemmerer Coal Company North Block Proposed Lease Area, manuscript on file at Larson-Tibesar Associates, Laramie, Wyoming.
25.
SypoltC. M.1974Keepers of the Rocky Mountain Flocks: A History of Sheep Industry in Colorado, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming to 1900, Ph.D dissertation, Department of History, University of Wyoming, Laramie.
26.
TibesarWilliam L. and LarsonT. K.1980An Intensive Cultural Resource Inventory of the Kemmerer Coal Company: North North Block, Lincoln County, Wyoming, manuscript on file at Larson-Tibesar Associates, Laramie.
27.
ToddLawrence C.1980Patterns in the Distribution of Sites Within a Historic Settlement System, paper presented at the 45th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, May 1–3.
28.
Van DyneG. M. and HeadyH. F.1965Botanical Composition of Sheep and Cattle Diets on a Mature Annual Range, Hilgardia, 36, pp. 465–492.
29.
Van DyneG. M. and LofgreenG. P.1964Comparative Digestion of Dry Annual Range Forage by Cattle and Sheep, Journal of Animal Science, 23(3), pp. 823–832.
30.
von RichthofenW. B.1964Cattle Raising on the Plains of North America, new edition, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
31.
WiensJohn A.1973Pattern and Process in Grassland Bird Communities, Ecological Monographs, 43, pp. 237–270.
