Marginalization and tooth loss in older Mexican adults

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between the level of marginalization and tooth loss in adults aged ≥50 years in Mexico. Methods: A retrospective cross‑sectional study was conducted on 2098 adults selected from communities presenting both high and medium levels of marginalization, with data obtained from the annual reports of the Epidemiological Surveillance System of Oral Pathologies 2019-2022. Analysis considered sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, and years of education. The prevalence of tooth loss was determined using the Decayed, Missing and Filled teeth (DMFT) index. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using the presence of lost teeth as an outcome. Results: Most (62.4%) participants had lost at least one tooth, of whom 60.3% had a medium level of marginalization, 28.8% a high level, and 10.9% a very high level. More adults who lived in high or very high marginalization communities had lost teeth [RR=1.19 (95% CI 1.08 – 1.30)] than those living in communities with a medium level of marginalization. More males [RR=1.19 (95% CI 1.09 – 1.31)], adults ≥70 years [RR=1.77 (95% CI 1.57 – 1.99)], people who were illiterate [RR=1.60 (95% CI 1.35 – 1.88)] or who had poor oral hygiene [RR=1.26 (95% CI 1.15 – 1.38)] had also lost teeth. Conclusion: High and very high marginalization was associated with tooth loss in adults ≥50 years in Mexico. Effective oral health strategies are required to prevent tooth loss, as are interventions to improve access to and quality of dental services for marginalized communities.