The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) is a prototypical metabolic nuclear receptor that acts as a lipid sensor, integrating the homeostatic control of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism. This perspective will highlight three lines of evidence which place PPAR-γ as a key player in a feed-forward pathway favoring differentiation and energy storage by adipocytes.
References
1.
AuwerxJ. (1999). PPARgamma, the ultimate thrifty geneDiabetologia42, 1033–49.
2.
ChawlaA., RepaJ. J., EvansR. M., and MangelsdorfD. J. (2001). Nuclear receptors and lipid physiology: opening the X-filesScience294, 1866–70.
3.
FrancisG. A., FayardE., PicardF., and AuwerxJ. (2003). Nuclear receptors and the control of metabolismAnnu Rev Physiol65, 261–311.
4.
LeeC. H., and EvansR. M. (2002). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in macrophage lipid homeostasisTrends Endocrinol Metab13, 331–5.
5.
MichalikL., and WahliW. (1999). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: three isotypes for a multitude of functionsCurr Opin Biotechnol10, 564–70.
6.
PicardF., and AuwerxJ. (2002). PPAR(γ) and glucose homeostasisAnnu Rev Nutr22, 167–97.
7.
RosenE. D., and SpiegelmanB. M. (2001). PPARgamma: a nuclear regulator of metabolism, differentiation, and cell growthJ Biol Chem276, 37731–4.
8.
RosenE. D., WalkeyC. J., PuigserverP., and SpiegelmanB. M. (2000). Transcriptional regulation of adipogenesisGenes Dev14, 1293–307.
9.
SpornM. B., SuhN., and MangelsdorfD. J. (2001). Prospects for prevention and treatment of cancer with selective PPARgamma modulators (SPARMs)Trends Mol Med7, 395–400.