The craniofacial morphology of 26 white unoperated complete unilateral cleft lip and palate patients (13 males, 13 females) was analyzed with cephalometry and compared with a control (normal) group. The results show that in the cleft group, the maxilla is smaller and more protruded, the lower anterior facial height is much larger, and the mandible shows well-defined differences (body, ramus, gonial angle, and mandibular plane angle).
BisharaS.E.Cephalometric evaluation of facial growth in operated and non-operated individuals with isolated clefts of the palate, Cleft Palate J1973; 10: 239–246.
2.
BisharaS.E.; de. ArrendondoRSM; ValesH.P.; JakobsenJ.R.Dentofacial relationships in persons with unoperated clefts: comparisons between three cleft types.Amer J Orthodont1985; 87: 481–507.
3.
BisharaS.E.; JakobsenJ.R.; KrauseJ.C.; Sosa-MartinezR.Cephalometric comparisons of individuals from India and Mexico with unoperated cleft lip and palate.Cleft Palate J1986; 23: 116–125.
4.
BisharaS.E.; KrauseC.J.; OlinW.H.; WestonD.; Van NessJ.; FellingC.Facial and dental relationships of individuals with unoperated clefts of the lip and/or palate.Cleft Palate J1976; 13: 238–252.
DahlE.Craniofacial morphology in congenital clefts of the lip: an x-ray cephalometric study of young adult males.Acta Odont Scand1970; 28(Suppl 57): 83–126.
7.
HagertyR.F.; HillM.J.Facial growth and dentition in the unoperated cleft palate.J Dent Res1963; 42: 412–421.
8.
IsiekweM.C.; SowemimoG.O.A.Cephalometric findings in a normal Nigerian population sample and adult Nigerians with unrepaired clefts.Cleft Palate J1984; 21: 323–328.
9.
de. JesusJ.A comparative cephalometric analysis of nonoperated cleft palate adults and normal adults.Am J Orthodont1959; 45: 61–62.
10.
KrogmanW.M.; MazaheriM.; HardingR.L.; IshiguroK.; BarianaG.; MeierJ.; CanterH.; RossP.A longitudinal study of the craniofacial growth pattern in children with clefts as compared to normal, birth to six years.Cleft Palate J1975; 12: 59–84.
11.
KrogmanW.M.; SassouniY.Syllabus in roentgenographic cephalometry,Philadelphia: Philadelphia Center for Research in Child Growth, 1957.
12.
MarsM.; HoustonW.J.B.A preliminary study of facial growth and morphology in unoperated male unilateral cleft lip and palate subjects over 13 years of age.Cleft Palate J1990; 27: 7–10.
13.
McNamaraJA.Jr. A method of cephalometric evaluation.Am J Orthodont1984; 86: 449–469.
14.
MestreJ.C.; DeJesusJ.; SubtelnyJ.D.Unoperaled oral clefts at maturation.Angle Orthodont1960; 30: 78–85.
15.
Ortiz-MonasterioF.; Afonso SerranoR.; Gustavo BarreraP.; Rodriguez-HoffmanH.; VinaoerasE.A study of untreated adult cleft palate patients.Plast Reconstr Surg1966; 38: 36–41.
16.
Ortiz-MonasterioF.; RebeilA.S.; ValderramaM.; CruzR.Cephalometric measurements on adult patients with nonoperated cleft palates.Plast Reconstr Surg1959; 24: 53–61.
17.
PitanguyI.; FrancoT.Nonoperated facial fissures in adults.Plast Reconstr Surg1967; 39: 569–577.
18.
RossR.B.Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate. Part 1. Treatment affecting growth.Cleft Palate J1987; 24: 5–23.
19.
da. Silva-FilhoOG; RamosA.L.; AbdoR.C.C.Morfologia dos arcos dentários em pacientes portadores de fissura de lábio e palato, não operados.Orthodontia1991; 24: 9–12.
20.
ŠmahelZ.; MüllerovaZ.Craniofacial morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate prior to palatoplasty.Cleft Palate J1986; 23: 225–232.
21.
SubtelnyJ.D.A longitudinal study of soft tissue facial structures and their profile characteristics, defined in relation to underlying skeletal structures.Am J Orthodont1959; 45: 481–507.