Surgery has often been blamed for the subsequent poor growth and deformity of the nasal complex in patients with cleft lip and palate. This study compares two groups of patients with unilateral clefts of the lip and palate for the effect that different surgical techniques have on nasal symmetry and facial attractiveness.
BergR.. Dento-facial development between 6 and 12 years of age: longitudinal study on plaster models and lateral skull radiographs of 113 Norwegian children, as related to various types of occlusion. Ph.D. Thesis. Oslo. Norway: Department of Orthodontics. University of Oslo. 1483.
2.
BerglandO., SembG., AbeyholmF.E.. Elimination of the residual alveolar cleft by secondary bone grafting and subsequent orthodontic treatment.Cleft Palate J1986; 3: 175–205.
3.
BorchgrevinkH.. Department of Plastic Surgery.University of Oslo, Ricks-hospitale, 0027 Oslo 1. Norway. Personal communication. 1990.
4.
CliffordC., CliffordM.. Social and psychological problems associated with clefts: motivations for cleft palate treatment.Int Dent J1986; 36: 115–119.
5.
DahlE., HanusardóttirB., BerglandO.. A comparison of occlusion in two groups of children whose clefts were repaired by three different surgical procedures.Cleft Palate J1981; 18: 122–127.
6.
DaviesO.L., GoldsmithP.L.. Statistical methods in research and production.London: Longman Group.1976.
7.
HowellsD.J., ShawW.C.. The validity and reliability of ratings of denial and facial attractiveness for epidemiological use.Am J Orthod1985; 88: 402–408.
8.
HumerfeltA.. A roentgenographic cephalometric investigation of Norwegian children with normal occlusion.Scand J Dent Res1970; 78: 117–143.
9.
JonesB.M., GabeM.J., ShawW.C.. Experience of teasing and harassment in children attending plastic surgery clinics. Unpublished M.Sc. project report. Heath Park. Cardiff, East Glamorgan, U.K.: Dental School, Welsh National School of Medicine, 1979.
10.
KerrW.J.. A longitudinal cephalometric study of dentofacial growth from 5–15 years.Br J Orthod1979; 6: 115–121.
11.
KerrW.J., FordI.. A comparision of facial form in three Western European male groups.Eur J Orthod1986; 2: 106–111.
12.
MacgregorF.C.. Some psychological problems associated with facial deformities.Am Soc Rev1951; 16: 629–638.
13.
MillsJ.R.E.. Principles and practice of orthodontics.London: Churchill Livingstone, 1987: 80.
14.
PigottR.W.. Alar leap-frog: a technique for repositioning the total alar cartilage at primary lip repair.Clin Plast Surg1985; 12: 643–665.
15.
Roberts-HarryD.P., StephensC.D.. The assessment of facial attractiveness by the ranking of photographs.Eur J Orthod (in press).
16.
RossR.B.. Treatment variables affecting facial growth in complete unilateral cleft lip and palate.Cleft Palate J1987; 24: 5–24.
17.
SeigelS.. Nonparametric statistics for the behavioral sciences.Kogakusha, Tokyo: McGraw-Hill,1956.
18.
ScottP.J.. The reflex plotters: measurement without photographs.The Photogrammetric Record1981; 10: 435–446.
19.
TobiasenJ.M., HiebertJ.M.. Reliability of aesthetic ratings of cleft impairments.Cleft Palate J1988; 25: 313–317.
