Facial clefts are rare congenital malformations. In the literature these are sometimes reported in combination with limb malformations, especially ring constrictions. This article describes three children with facial clefts and limb ring constrictions with various expressions. The first case has a lateral cleft with associated limb malformations. This combination has, to our knowledge, not yet been reported. The literature about facial clefting and the amniotic band syndrome and the possible etiology of clefting and constrictions in these cases are discussed.
BamforthS.J.Amniotic band sequence: Streeter's hypothesis re-examined. Am J Med Genet.1992; 44: 280–287.
2.
CoadyM., MooreM., WallisK.Amniotic band syndrome: the association between rare facial clefts and limb ring constrictions. Plast Reconstr Surg.1998; 101: 640–649.
MorovicC.G., BerwartF., VarasJ.Craniofacial anomalies of the amniotic band syndrome in serial clinical cases. Plast Reconstr Surg.2004; 113: 1556–1562.
21.
MurataT., HashimotoS., IshibashiT., InomataH., SueishiK.A case of amniotic band syndrome with bilateral epibulbar choristoma. Br J Opthalmol.1992; 76: 685–687.
PagonR.A., GrahamJ.M., ZonanaJ., YongS-L. Coloboma, congenital heart disease, and choanal atresia with multiple anomalies: CHARGE association. J Pediatr.1981; 99: 223–227.
24.
SakuraiE.H., MitchelD.F., HolmesL.A.Bilateral oblique clefts and amniotic bands: a report of 2 cases. Cleft Palate J.1966; 3: 181–185.
25.
StarkR.B.The pathogenesis of harelip and cleft palate. Plast Reconstr Surg.1954; 13: 20–39.
26.
StreeterG.L.Focal deficiency in fetal tissues and their relation to intrauterine amputation. Contrib Embryol Carnegie Inst.1930; 33: 1–44.
27.
TanabeY.N., KikuchiY., NozakiM.Case of constriction band syndrome with annular epidermal cyst. Ann Plast Surg.2002; 48: 312–314.
28.
Ten DonkelaarH.J., HamelB.C.J., HartmanE., van LierJ.A.C., WesslingP.Intestinal mucosa on top of a rudimentary occipital meningocele in amnionitic rupture sequence: disorganization-like syndrome, homeotic transformation, abnormal surface encounter or endoectodermal adhesion?Clin Dysmorph.2002; 11: 9–13.
29.
TessierP.Anatomical classification of facial, cranio-facial and laterofacial clefts. J Maxillofacial Surg.1976; 4: 69–92.
30.
TorpinR.Fetal Malformations Caused by Amnion Rupture During Gestation.Springfield, IL: Charles Thomas;1968: 1–76.
31.
Van der MeulenJ.C.The amniotic band syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg.1999; 103: 1087–1090.
32.
Van der MeulenJ.C.Oblique facial clefts: pathology, etiology and reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg.1985; 76: 212–224.
33.
Van der MeulenJ.C., MazzolaR., Vermey-KeersC., StriekerM., RaphaelB.A morphogenetic classification of craniofacial malformations. Plast Reconstr Surg.1983; 71: 560–572.
34.
WarbrickJ.G.Aspects of facial and nasal development. Sci Basis Med Ann Rev.1963; 84: 99–122.
35.
YangS.S.ADAM sequence and innocent amniotic band: manifestations of early amnion rupture. Am J Med Genet.1990; 37: 562–568.
