Almost 3% of people in the Western world will suffer from a venous disease
at some time in their lives, but as yet there are very few effective treatments
for the venous system. When the valves become incompetent, they allow backflow
and subsequent pooling of blood in the lower extremities. Current clinical
therapies for the elimination of deep reflux are very invasive and provide
short-lasting results. Thus, there is an urgent need for technological evolution
of implantable valves and, if possible, with minimally invasive techniques. This
review provides a basic history of the discovery of deep vein valves and various
designs of prosthetic vein valves that have been evaluated in animal models and
clinical studies.
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