Abstract
Whitewater rafting, kayaking, and canoeing have attracted a growing number of participants in the past ten years. With the present number of 200000 Whitewater enthusiasts increasing by an estimated 15% each year, it is not surprising that there has also been an alarming increase in related accidents and deaths. This article reviews the inherent risks for injury during Whitewater sports and their medical ramifications. Recommendations for prevention and treatment are discussed.