This article begins with a consideration of the interconnected troubles and needs
that research has documented for girls who become enmeshed in the juvenile
justice system. Special attention is given to findings from research that gives
girls in the system some ‘voice’ in explaining what
services and programs they need and want. After offering some explanation of the
gap in programs and services for girls, the article notes the failure of
evaluation results to shed light on effective program models, and thus the
importance of available documentation on programs as a guide for developing
effective, gender responsive programs for girls. Available documentation is
analysed, with particular attention to the fit of girls' assessed and expressed
needs to the descriptive material on programs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American Correctional Association1990. The female offender: What does the future hold?Washington, DC:
Author.
2.
AcocaL. (2004). Are those cookies for me or
my baby? Understanding detained and incarcerated teen mothers and their
children. Juvenile and Family Court
Journal, 55(2),
64-80.
3.
AcocaL.DedelK. (1998). No place to hide: Understanding and
meeting the needs of girls in the juvenile justice system.
San Francisco: National
Council on Crime and Delinquency.
4.
AlderC. (1995). Delinquency prevention with young
women. Paper presented at the Delinquency Prevention
Conference, Terrigal, New South Wales, Australia.
5.
American Association for University Women (AAUW) (1992). How schools are shortchanging
girls. Washington, DC:
AAUW Educational Foundation.
6.
American Bar Association and the National Bar Association (2001). Justice by gender: The lack of
appropriate prevention, diversion and treatment alternatives for girls in
the justice system. Washington, DC:
Author.
7.
ArellaL. (1993). Multiservice adolescent
programs: Seeking institutional partnership alternatives.
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 22,
283-295.
8.
BelgraveF.Z. (2002). Relational theory and
cultural enhancement interventions for African American adolescent
girls. Public Health Reports,
117(S1),
S76-S81.
9.
BelgraveF.Z.Chase-VaughnG.GrayF.AddisonJ.D.CherryV.R. (2000). The effective-ness of a
culture- and gender-specific intervention for increasing resiliency among
African American preadolescent females. Journal of
Black Psychology, 26(2),
133-147..
10.
BelknapJ.DunnM.HolsingerK. (1997). Gender specific services work
group: Report to the Governor. Columbus,
Ohio: Office of Criminal Justice
Services.
11.
BelknapJ.HolsingerK. (1998). An overview of delinquent
girls. InT. ZaplinR(Ed.), Female offenders: Critical perspectives and
effective interventions (pp.31-64). Gaithersburg,
MD: Aspen
Publishers.
12.
BergM. (2000). Urban women against substance
abuse, Final Report. Hartford, CT:
Institute for cCommunity
Research.
13.
BergsmannI.R. (1989, March).
The forgotten few: Juvenile female offenders.
Federal Probation, 53(1),
73-78.
14.
BrownL.M. (1998). Raising their voices: The politics
of girls' anger. Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press.
15.
BrownK.J.BlockA.J. (2001). Evaluation of Project
Chrysalis: A school-based intervention to reduce negative consequences of
abuse. Journal of Early Adolescence,
21(3),
325-353.
16.
BurkeC.KeatonS.PennellS. (2003). Addressing the gender-specific
needs of girls: An evalua-tion of San Diego's WINGS Program.
San Diego: San Diego
Association of Governments' (SANDAG) Criminal Justice Research
Division.
17.
ChenX.TylerK.A.WhitbeckL.B.HoytD.R. (2004). Early sex abuse, street
adversity, and drug use among female homeless and runaway adolescents in the
Midwest. Journal of Drug Issues,
34, 1-21.
18.
Chesney-LindM. (2006). Technical assistance to Hawaii
Girls Court. Final Report. Submitted to the Family Court,
First Circuit, State of Hawaii, United States of
America.
Chesney-LindM.IrwinK. (2008). Beyond bad girls: Gender, violence
and hype. New York:
Routledge.
21.
CovingtonS. (1998). Women in prison: Approaches
in the treatment of our most invisible population.
Women and Therapy Journal, 21,
141-155.
22.
CovingtonS.BloomB. (2003) Gendered justice: Addressing
female offenders. InGendered justice; Women in the criminal justice system
(pp.1-20). Durham, NC:
Center for Gender and Justice.
23.
DayJ.HaynesR.TichavskyL. (2006). Girls' only delinquency programs:
Abstracts of promising programs. unpublished
manuscript.
24.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (2005). Crime in the United States, 2005:
Uniform Crime Report. Washington,
DC: US Government Printing
Office.
25.
FreitasK.Chesney-LindM. (2001). Difference doesn't mean
difficult: Practitioners talk about working with girls.
Women, Girls, & Criminal Justice,
2, 65-66,
77–80.
26.
GaarderE.RodriguezN.ZatzM.S. (2004). Criers, liars, and
manipulators: Probation officers' views of girls.
Justice Quarterly, 21,
547-578.
27.
Girls Incorporated (1996). Prevention and parity: Girls in
juvenile justice. Indianapolis, IN:
Girls Incorporated National Resource
Center.
Greene, Peters, & Associates (1998). Guiding principles for promising
female programming an inven-tory of best practices.
Washington, DC: Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, U.S. Department of
Justice..
30.
HagadornJ.DevittM. (1999) Fighting female.InChesney-LindM.M. HagedornJ(eds.)Female gangs in America; Essays on gender, and gangs
(pp.256-276). Chicago,
IL: Lakeview Press.
HolsingerK.BelknapJ.SutherlandJ.L. (1999). Assessing the gender specific
program and service needs for adolescent females in the juvenile justice
system. Columbus, OH:
Office of Criminal Justice
Studies.
33.
JoeK.A.Chesney-LindM. (1995). ‘Just every
mother's angel’: An analysis of gender and ethnic variations in
youth gang membership. Gender &
Society, 9(4),
408-431.
34.
Kempf-LeonardK.SampleL.L. (2000). Disparity based on sex: Is
gender-specific treatment warranted?Justice Quarterly, 17,
89-128.
35.
LaidlerK.J.HuntG. (2001). Accomplishing femininity
among the girls in the gang. British Journal of
Criminology, 41,
656-678.
36.
LeT.ArifukuI.NunezM. (2003). Girls and culture in
delinquency intervention: A case study of RYSE.
Juvenile and Family Court Journal,
54(3),
25-34.
37.
LedermanC.S.DakofG.A.LarreaM.A.LiH. (2004). Characteristics of
adolescent females in juvenile detention.
International Journal of Law and Psychiatry,
27, 321-337.
38.
LebanL.SzajkoL.(Producers/directors). (2004). Girl
trouble [Motion picture]. New York:
New Day Films.
39.
LeitzL. (2003). Girl fights: Exploring
females' resistance to educational structures.
International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,
23(11),
15-43.
40.
LipseyM.W. (1992). Juvenile delinquency
treatment: A meta-analytic inquiry into the variability of
effects. InCookT.A.CooperH.CordrayD.S.HartmannH.HedgesL.V.LightR.J.LouisT.A.MoslellerE.(Eds), Meta-analysis for explanation: A
casebook (pp.83-126). New York:
Russell Sage.
41.
MaherL. (1997). Sexed work: Gender, race, and
resistance in a Brooklyn Drug Market. New
York: Oxford University
Press.
42.
McCormackA.JanusM.-D.BurgessA.W. (1986). Runaway youths and sexual
victimization: Gender differences in an adolescent runaway
population. Child Abuse & Neglect,
10, 387-395.
43.
MillerK.E.SaboD.F.FarrellM.P.BarnesG.M.MelnickM.J. (1999). Sports, sexual behav-ior,
contraceptive use, and pregnancy among female and male high school students:
Testing cultural resource theory. Sociology of Sport
Journal, 16,
366-387.
44.
Ms. Foundation for Women, National Girls Initiative (1993). Programmed neglect, Not seen, not
heard: report on girls' programming in the United States.
New York, NY: Ms. Foundation
for Women.
45.
National Council on Crime and Delinquency (2001). Evaluation of the RYSE Program: A
report prepared for Alameda County Probation Department.
Oakland, CA: National Council
on Crime and Delinquency.
46.
NessC.D. (2004). Why girls fight: Female
youth violence in the inner city. Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science,
595, 32-48.
47.
PaskoL.J. (2006). The female juvenile offender in
Hawaii understanding gender differences in arrests, adjudications, and
social characteristics of juvenile offenders.
Honolulu, HI: Department of
the Attorney General.
48.
PortillosE.L. (1999). Women, men, and gangs: The
social construction of gender in the barrio. InChesney-LindM.M. HagedornJ(Eds.), Female gangs in America
(pp.48-63). Chicago:
Lakeview Press.
RafterN.H. (1990). Partial justice: Women, prisons and
social control. New Brunswick, NJ:
Transaction Books.
51.
ReedB.G.LeavittM. (1998, September).
Modified wraparound and women offenders: A community corrections
continuum. Paper presented at the International Community
Corrections Annual Research Conference, Arlington, VA.
52.
Rotheram-BorusM.J. (1993). Suicidal behavior and risk
factors among runaway youths. The American Journal
of Psychiatry, 150,
103-107.
53.
SarriR. (1987). The female offender and the
criminal justice system. InBurdenD.GottliebN.(Eds.), The woman client: Providing human services in
changing world (pp. 177-194). New
York: Tavistock.
54.
SchaffnerL. (2006). Girls in trouble with the
law. New Brunswick, NJ:
Rutgers University Press.
55.
ShermanF. (2003). Girls in the juvenile justice
system: Perspectives on services and conditions of confinement.
Boston, MA: Girls' Justice
Initiative.
56.
SiegalN. (1995, October 4).
Where the girls are. San Francisco
Bay Guardian, p.19-20.
57.
SmithC.KennedyS.D. (1991). The final impact evaluation of the
Friendly PEERsuasion targeted substance abuse education program of Girls
Incorporated: A report on four demon-stration sites.
Indianapolis, IN: Girls
Incorporated.
58.
SnyderH.SickmundM. (1999). Juvenile offenders and victims:
1999 National Report. Washington,
DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency
Prevention, US Department of Justice.
59.
SnyderH.SickmundM. (2006). Juvenile offenders and
victims; 2006 National Report (NCJ 178257).
Washington, DC: U.S.
Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile
Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
60.
TapperK.BoultonM. (2000). Social representations of
physical, verbal and indirect aggres-sion in children: Sex and age
differences. Aggressive behavior,
26, 442-454.
TeplinL.A.AbramK.M.McClellandG.M.MericleA.A.DulcanM.K.WashburnJ.J. (2006). Psychiatric disorders of youth in
detention. Washington, DC:
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, US
Department of Justice.
TylerK.A.HoytD.R.WhitbeckL.B.CauceA.M. (2001). The impact of childhood
sexual abuse on later sexual victimization among runaway
youth. Journal of Research on Adolescence,
11, 151-176.
65.
Valentine Foundation and Woman's Way (1990). A conversation about girls
(pamphlet). Byrn Mawr, PA:
Valentine Foundation.
66.
WalshM.M.PeplerD.J.LeveneK.S. (2002). A model intervention for
girls with disruptive behaviour problems: The Earlscourt Girls
Connection. Canadian Journal of Counselling,
36(4),
297-311.
67.
WellsR. (1994). America's delinquent
daughters have nowhere to turn for help. Corrections
Compendium, 19,
4-6.
68.
WeissF.L.NicholsonH.J. (1998). Friendly PEERsuasion against
substance use: The Girls Incorporated model and evaluation.
Drugs and Society, 12(1/2),
7-22.
69.
WilliamsK.CurryD.CohenM.L. (2002). Gang prevention programs for
female adolescents: An evaluation. InReedW.L.DeckerS.H.(Eds), Responding to gangs: Evaluation and
research (pp.225-263). Washington,
DC: US Department of Justice, National Institute
of Justice.
70.
ZeldinS.Kusgen-McDanielA.TopitzesD.CalvertM. (2000). Youth in decision-making; A study
on the impacts of youth on adults and organizations.
Washington, DC: National 4-H
Council.
