Solid-State Digital Micro-Mirror Array Spectrometer for Hadamard Transform Measurements of Glucose and Lactate in Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

A novel solid-state near-infrared spectrometer is presented based on a digital micro-mirror array device (DMD) that is well designed for Hadamard transform spectroscopy. This spectrometer is designed for the collection of transmission spectra over the C–H first overtone region of the near-infrared spectrum (6500–5500 cm⁻¹). A spectral resolution of 2.2 nm (∼11 cm⁻¹) is realized by using a 25 μm diameter linear tungsten filament as the source. Such a thin filament reduces imaging aberrations into the micro-mirror array, thereby enhancing spectral resolution. After passing through the sample, the transmitted radiation is dispersed with a grating before being imaged onto the surface of the DMD. Hadamard transform masks are implemented through the DMD and the reflected light is monitored by a single-element photodiode detector. The analytical utility of this approach is demonstrated through the multivariate quantification of glucose and lactate in binary mixtures composed in an aqueous buffer solution. A signal-to-noise ratio of 35000 is achieved through these aqueous samples, and the resulting quantitative measurements provide a standard error of prediction of 1.4 and 0.9 mM for glucose and lactate, respectively. The selectivity of the resulting calibration models is established by using both a pure component selectivity analysis as well as analysis of the net analyte signal for each component. These quantitative results from the DMD Hadamard transform spectrometer compare favorably to similar measurements performed with a commercial Fourier transform spectrometer.