X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to observe the free surface segregation of impurities in samples of platinum and palladium. Heating in vacuo to 600°C promoted the surface segregation of silver, gold, and carbon in platinum and the surface segregation of silver and sulfur in palladium. All species segregated in their elemental form. The core level binding energies of the silver and gold segregants were lower than those measured for the corresponding pure metal states.
AbrahamF. F. and BrundleC. R., J. Vac. Sci. Technol.18, 506 (1981).
2.
GuptaR. P. and PerraillonB., Surf. Sci.103, 397 (1981).
3.
TomanekD.MukherjeeS.KumarV., and BennemannK. H., Surf. Sci.114, 11 (1982).
4.
De RugyH. and ViefhausH., Surf. Sci.173, 418 (1986).
5.
HolmR. and StorpS., J. Electron Spec. Relat. Phenom.8, 459 (1976).
6.
JablonskiA.OverburyS. H., and SomorjaiG. A., Surf. Sci.65, 578 (1977).
7.
BurtonJ. J.HelmsC. R., and PolizzottiR. S., J. Chem. Phys.65, 1089 (1976).
8.
StulenR. H. and BastaszR., J. Vac. Sci. Technol.16, 940 (1979).
9.
LeaC. and SeahM. P., Surf. Sci.53, 272 (1975).
10.
RuesenbergM. and ViefhausH., Surf. Sci.172, 615 (1986).
11.
DumoulinP. H. and GuttmannM., Mat. Sci. Eng.42, 249 (1980).
12.
SeahM. P., in Practical Surface Analysis by Auger and Photoelectron Spectroscopy, BriggsD. and SeahM. P., Eds. (J. Wiley, London, 1983), pp. 247–282.
13.
BasinM. H., J. Catal.38, 218 (1975).
14.
ImanakaT.HashimotoT.SakuraiK.OkamotoY., and TeranishiS., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn.53,1206G (1980).
15.
OkamotoY.ShimokawaT.ImanakaT., and TeranishiS., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun.47 (1978).
16.
SchraderM. E., Surf. Sci.78, L227G (1978).
17.
AkhterS.GreenliefC. M.ChenH. W., and WhiteJ. M., Report TR-43; Order No. AD-A160699/5/GAR (1985).
18.
BerryC.MajumdarD., and ChungY. W., Surf. Sci.94,293 (1980).
19.
OverburyS. H.BertrandP. A., and SomorjaiG. A., Chem. Rev.75, 547 (1975).
20.
KuijersF. J. and PonecV., J. Catal.60, 100 (1979).
21.
BouwmanR.TonemanL. H., and HolscherA. A., Surf. Sci.35, 8 (1973).
22.
FerranteJ., Acta Metall.19, 743 (1971).
23.
MaireG.HilaireL.LegareP.GaultF. G., and O'CinneideA., J. Catal.44, 293G (1976).
24.
BouwmanR.LippitsG. J. M., and SachtierW. M. H., J. Catal.25, 350 (1972).
25.
SedlacekJ.HilaireL.LegareP., and MaireG., Surf. Sci.115, 541G (1982).
26.
HolmR. and StorpS., J. Electron Spec. Relat. Phenom.8, 139 (1976).
27.
BardiU. and RossP. N., J. Vac. Sci. Technol.A2, 1461 (1984).
28.
LeeP. J., Anal. Electron Microsc. Proc. Workshop69 (1984).
29.
RollandA. and CabaneF., Nouv. J. Chim.8, 485 (1984).
30.
WeiW. and GrabkeH. J., Corros. Sci.26, 223 (1986).
31.
YasuhikoK.SuzukiS., and KimuroH., Tetsu to Hagane72, A126 (1986).
32.
BezuidenhoutF.Du PlessisJ., and ViljoenP. E., Surf. Sci.171, 392 (1986).
33.
HoernstroemS. E.JohanssonL. I., and FlodstroemA., Appl. Surf. Sci.26, 27 (1986).
34.
HarrisL. A., J. Appl. Phys.39, 1428 (1968).
35.
BonzelH. P.FrankenA. M., and PirugG., Surf. Sci.104, 625 (1981).
36.
JupilleJ., Surf. Sci.123, L674 (1982).
37.
SickafusE. N., Surf. Sci.19, 181G (1970).
38.
PowellG. L.ClausingR. E., and McGuireG. E., Surf. Sci.49, 310 (1975).
39.
ProctorA. and SherwoodP. M. A., Surf. Interface. Anal.2, 191 (1980).
40.
ProctorA.CastnerJ. F.WingardL. B.Jr., and HerculesD. M., Anal. Chem.57, 1644 (1985).
41.
BonzelH. P. and KuR., J. Vac. Sci. Technol.9, 663 (1972).
42.
BaderS. D.RichterL., and OrentT. W., Surf. Sci.115, 501 (1982).
43.
LegareP.HilaireL.MaireG.KrillG., and AmamouA., Surf. Sci.107, 533 (1981).
44.
SzymersksaI. and LipskiM., J. Catal.41, 197G (1976).
45.
SherwoodP. M. A., Journal de Microscopie et de Spectroscopic Electroniques5, 475 (1980).
46.
AnsellR. O.DickinsonT.PoveyA. F., and SherwoodP. M. A., J. Electroanal. Chem.98, 79 (1979).
47.
SherwoodP. M. A., in Practical Surface Analysis by Auger and Photoelectron Spectroscopy, BriggsD. and SeahM. P., Eds. (J. Wiley, London, 1983), pp. 445–475.
48.
PaulA. J., Ph.D. Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K. (1984).
49.
SteinerP.HufnerS.MartenssonN., and JohanssonB., Solid State Commun.37, 73 (1981).
50.
KimK. S. and WinogradN., Chem. Phys. Lett.30, 91 (1975).
51.
Selected Values of Chemical Thermodynamic Properties, Circular 500, RossiniF. D., Ed. (National Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 1952).
52.
LegareP.HilaireL.SottoM., and MaireG., Surf. Sci.91, 1757 (1980).
53.
PaulA. J. and SherwoodP. M. A., Appl. Spectrosc.40, 519 (1986).
