Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used in order to detect absorbed water hydrogen-bonded to Kevlar-49® fibers. Varying amounts of KBr overlayers were used on the top of each sample in order to increase the surface selectivity of the technique. Three different O-H stretching vibrations of absorbed water were detected in the fibers exposed to saturated water-vapor atmosphere. Two peaks at 3640 and 3560 cm−1 are attributed to absorbed water that is weakly hydrogen-bonded to amide groups of the polymer. A broad absorption around 3450 cm−1 is characteristic of liquid-like water clustered in microvoids and other sites inside the fibers. The spectra of dried Kevlar-49® fibers show an unbonded amide N-H stretching peak at 3431 cm−1, indicative of regions with less perfect chain packing. At least part of these groups hydrogen-bond with absorbed water, depending on their availability.
McGrumN. G.ReadB. F., and WilliamsG., Anelastic and Dielectric Effects in Polymeric Solids (Wiley, New York, 1967).
2.
PapirV. S.KaparS.RogersC. E., and BaerE., J. Polym. Sci., Part A10, 1305 (1972).
3.
KohanM. I., Nylon Plastics (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1973).
4.
“Zytel,”Design Handbook (DuPont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Delaware, 1972).
5.
LuckW. A. P., 100 Jahre BASF, 259 (1965).
6.
LuckW. A. P., in Handbuch der Mikroskopie in der Technik, FreudH., Ed. (Umschau-Verlag, Frankfurt, 1972) Vol. VI, Part I, p. 345.
7.
LuckW. A. P., Ber Bunsenges, Phys. Chem.69, 255 (1965).
8.
HoeveC. A. J., in Water in Polymers, RowlandS. R., Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. (ACS, Washington, D.C., 1980) p. 135.
9.
PuffrR. and SebendaJ., J. Polym. Sci. C16, 79 (1967).
10.
JohnsonG. E.BairH. E.MatsuokaS.AndersonE. W., and ScottJ. E., in Water in Polymers, RowlandS. R., Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. (ACS, Washington, D.C., 1980), p. 451.
11.
HaragushiK.KajiyamaT., and TakayanagiM., J. Appl. Pol. Sci.23, 915 (1979).
12.
StarkweatherH. W.Jr., in Water in Polymers, RowlandS. R., Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. (ACS, Washington, D.C., 1980), p. 433.
13.
BretzP. E.HertzbergR. W.MansonJ. A. and RamirezA., in Water in Polymers, RowlandS. R., Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. (ACS, Washington D.C., 1980), p. 531.
14.
MoyP. and KaraszF. E., in Water in Polymers, RowlandS. R., Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. (ACS, Washington, D.C., 1980), p. 505.
15.
AntoonM. K. and KoenigJ. L., J. Polym. Sci., Part B19, 1567 (1981).
16.
PennL. and LarsenF.. J. Appl. Pol. Sci.23, 59 (1979).
17.
DuplessixR.EscoubesM.RodmacqB.VolinoF.RocheE.EisenbergA., and PineriM., in Water in Polymers, RowlandS. R., Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. (ACS, Washington, D.C., 1980), p. 469.
18.
HaragushiK.KajiyamaT. and TakayanagiM., J. Appl. Pol. Sci.23, 915 (1979).
19.
BullH. B., J. Am. Chem. Soc.66, 1499 (1944).
20.
StarkweatherH. W., Macromolecules8, 476 (1975).
21.
PuffrR. and SebendaJ., J. Polym. Sci., Part C16, 79 (1967).
22.
GrossmanS.TirrellD., and VoglO., in Water in Polymers, RowlandS. R., Ed., ACS Symp. Ser. (ACS, Washington, D.C., 1980), p. 361.
23.
McKenzieM. T. and KoenigJ. L., Appl. Spectrosc.39, 408 (1985).
24.
CullerS. R.IshidaH., and KoenigJ. L., Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci.13, 363 (1983).
25.
McKenzieM. T.CullerS. R., and KoenigJ. L., Appl. Spectrosc.38, 786 (1984).
TashiroK.KobayashiM., and TadokoroH., Macromolecules, 10, 413 (1977).
43.
ThompsonW. F.PowellG. L., and LeverW. F., Oak Ridge National Laboratory DOE Report Y-2123 (1978).
44.
PanarM.AvakianP.BlumeR. C.GardnerK. H.GierkeT. D., and YangH. H., J. Polym. Sci., Pol. Phys.21, 195 (1983).
45.
AvakianP.BlumeR. C.GierkeT. D., and PanarM., Polym. Prepr., Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.21, 8 (1980).
46.
ChatziE. G.UrbanM. W., and KoenigJ. L., “Characterization of Kevlar Fiber Surfaces Using a Newly Devloped Infrared Photoacoustic Technique,” submitted to Die Makromolekulare Chemie.
