Abstract
Negative ion mass spectra organic nitriles have been determined using 1 Torr of methane moderator/reagent gas in a chemical ionization source. The spectra contain abundant (M – 1)− ions, and fragmentations are minimal. Ion/molecule reactions with residual oxygen, methane, and between sample molecules and ions form diverse products with low abundances relative to the (M – 1)−. Detection limits are comparable with positive ion methods, and for selected compounds, can be several orders of magnitude lower.
Keywords
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Farragher
A. R.
and
Page
F. M.
, Trans. Faraday Soc. 63 , 2369 (1957 ).
2.
Naff
W. T.
Compton
R. N.
, and
Cooper
C. D.
, J. Chem. Phys. 54 , 212 (1971 ).
3.
Christophorou
L. G.
and
Blaustein
R. P.
, Chem. Phys. Lett. 12 , 173 (1971 ).
4.
Hadjiantoniou
A.
Christophorou
L. G.
, and
Carter
J. G.
, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2 69 , 1961 (1973 ).
5.
Craggs
J. D.
McDowell
C. A.
, and
Warren
J. W.
, Trans. Faraday Soc. 48 , 1093 (1952 ).
6.
Herron
J. T.
and
Dibeler
V. H.
, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 82 , 1555 (1960 ).
7.
Dibeler
V. H.
Rease
R. M.
, and
Franklin
J. L.
, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 83 , 1813 (1961 ).
8.
Inoue
M.
, J. Chim. Phys. 63 , 1061 (1966 ).
9.
Tsuda
S.
Yokohata
A.
, and
Umaba
T.
, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 43 , 3383 (1970 ).
10.
Tsuda
S.
Yokohata
A.
, and
Umaba
T.
, Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 44 , 1486 (1971 ).
11.
Aplin
R. T.
Budzikiewicz
H.
, and
Djerassi
C.
, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 87 , 3180 (1965 ).
12.
Bowie
J. H.
and
Nussey
B.
, Org. Mass Spectrom. 9 , 3 (1974 ).
13.
von Ardenne
M.
Steinfelder
K.
, and
Tummler
R.
, Elektronenanlagerungs-massenspektrographie Organischer Substanzen (Springer-Verlag , Berlin , 1971 ), p. 255 .
14.
Large
R.
and
Knof
H.
, Org. Mass Spectrom. 11 , 582 (1976 ).
15.
Holzmann
G.
and
Rothkopf
H. W.
, Org. Mass Spectrom. 13 , 636 (1978 ).
16.
Hass
J. R.
Friesen
M. D.
Harvan
D. J.
, and
Parker
C. E.
, Anal. Chem. 50 , 1474 (1978 ).
17.
Busch
K. L.
Bursey
M. M.
Hass
J. R.
, and
Sovocool
G. W.
, Appl. Spectrosc. 32 , 388 (1978 ).
18.
Hunt
D. F.
Harvey
T. M.
, and
Russell
J. W.
, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 151 (1975 ).
19.
Dzidic
I.
Carroll
D. I.
Stillwell
R. N.
, and
Horning
E. C.
, Anal. Chem. 47 , 1308 (1975 ).
20.
Hass
J. R.
Friesen
M. D.
, and
Hoffman
M. K.
, Org. Mass Spectrom. 14 , 9 (1979 ).
21.
Hunt
D. F.
Stafford
G. C.
Crow
F. W.
, and
Russell
J. W.
, Anal. Chem. 48 , 2098 (1976 ).
22.
Levonowich
P. F.
Tannenbaum
H. P.
, and
Dougherty
R. C.
, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 597 (1975 ).
23.
Stockdale
J. A. D.
Compton
R. N.
, and
Reinhardt
P. W.
, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 4 , 401 (1970 ).
24.
Buttrill
S. E.
Jr.
, Proc-New Concepts Symp. Workshop Detect. Identif. Explos. , 1978 , p. 153 .
25.
Dawson
J. H. J.
and
Jennings
K. R.
, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2 72 , 700 (1976 ).
26.
Dawson
J. H. J.
and
Nibbering
N. M. M.
, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 33 , 3 (1980 ).
27.
Such ions are also observed when using hydrogen as the moderator/reagent gas,
Harvey
T. M.
, Ph.D. Dissertation , University of Virginia , Charlottesville (1975 ).
28.
McEwen
C. N.
and
Rudat
M. A.
, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101 , 6470 (1979 ).