Spectrochemical Applications in Criminalistics

Abstract

The application of spectroscopy procedures to criminalistics is reviewed. The use of spectroscopy, in its various disciplines, is discussed from historical and everyday use vantage points. A narrative scheme is used to illustrate the various facets of spectrochemical procedures and applications to crime investigations. However, the source of scientific principle is indicated and the reader is referred to the literature for additional comment. The use of spectroscopy in criminalistics is not new but it has the vigor, capability, and promise of youth.

Keywords

Spectrochemical analysis Criminalistics Police chemistry Narcotics Counterfeit coins Trace elements Forensic chemistry Applications Review Emission Infrared Ultraviolet X-ray Laser–Raman

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Kirk

P. L.

, Crime Investigations—Physical Evidence and the Police Laboratory (Interscience, New York, 1953).

Farmilo

C. G.

Oestreicher

P. M.

, and Levi

, Appl. Spectrosc. 11, 15 (1957).

The Merck Index, edited by Stecher

P. G.

(Merck, Rahway, N. J., 1968).

Microgram, Bur. Narcotics Dangerous Drugs, Washington, D. C., 20537.

Manning

J. J.

, Appl. Spectrosc. 10, 85 (1956).

Methods of Analysis Alkaloids, Opiates, Marihuana, Barbiturates, and Miscellaneous Drugs, Internal Revenue Service Publication No. 341 (Rev. 6–67).

Mills

A. L.

, Anal. Chem. 35, 416 (1963).

Chang

S. S.

Brobst

K. M.

Ireland

C. E.

, and Tai

, Appl. Spectrosc. 16, 106 (1962).

Estep

P. A.

and Karr

Jr. , Appl. Spectrosc. 16, 167 (1962).

10.

Blake

B. H.

Erley

D. S.

, and Berman

F. L.

, Appl. Spectrosc. 18, 114 (1964).

11.

Leggon

H. W.

, Anal. Chem. 33, 1295 (1961).

12.

Lerner

Mills

A. L.

, and Mount

S. F.

, J. Forensic Sci. 8, 126 (1963).

13.

Chem. Eng. News 69, 16 September 1963.

14.

O'Hara

C. E.

and Osterburg

J. W.

, An Introduction to Criminalistics (Macmillan, New York, 1952), Chap. 41

15.

Hoover

J. E.

, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 9, 335 (1938).

16.

Werner

A. E. A.

, Anal. Chem. 40, 28A (1968).

17.

Bartlett

J. C.

and Farmilo

, United Nations Secretariat, ST/SOA/SER. K/30, 1954.

18.

ASTM , Methods for Emission Spectrochemical Analysis, Philadelphia, Pa., 1968, 5th ed.

19.

Jaycox

E. K.

, Appl. Spectrosc. 6, 17 (1952).

20.

Jaycox

E. K.

, Anal. Chem. 22, 1115 (1950).

21.

Harvey

C. E.

, A Method of Semi-Quantitative Spectrographic Analysis (Applied Research Laboratories, Detroit, Mich., 1947).

22.

Mohan

P. V.

and Fry

D. L.

, Appl. Spectrosc., 12, 90 (1958).

23.

ASTM , Index to the Literature on Spectrochemical Analysis, Pt. I, 1920–1939, Pt. II, 1940–1945, Pt. III, 1946–1950, Pt. IV, 1951–1955, Philadelphia, Pa.

24.

Buerger

M. J.

, X-Ray Crystallography (Wiley, New York, 1942).

25.

Nuffield

E. W.

, X-Ray Diffraction Methods (Wiley, New York, 1966).

26.

ASTM , Fink Index to the Powder Diffraction File, ASTM Pub. No. PD-1S-17 F, Philadelphia, Pa., 1967.

27.

ASTM , Publications No. PD-1S-18 O, No. PD-1S-18 K, No. PD-1S-18 i, Philadelphia, Pa. 1968.

28.

McCrone

W. C.

Draftz

R. G.

, and Delly

J. G.

, The Particle Atlas (Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1967).

29.

McCrone

W. C.

Draftz

R. G.

, and Delly

J. G.

, The Particle Analyst—Compiled (Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Mich., 1968).

30.

Rekus

A. F.

and Haberkorn

A. R.

, III, J. Inst. Fuel, Vol. 39, 474 (1966).

31.

Cloutier

J. A. R.

and Manson

, Appl. Spectrosc. 15, 60 (1961).

32.

Gillson

J. L.

, Ind. Minerals Rocks (A.I.M.M. & P.E., New York, 1960), Chapter 11.

33.

Mortimore

D. M.

Romans

P. A.

, and Lewis

J. L.

, Appl. Spectrosc. 8, 24 (1954).

34.

Gunn

E. L.

, Anal. Chem. 28, 1433 (1956).

35.

Perkons

A. K.

and Jervis

R. E.

, J. Forensic Sci. 11, 50 (1966).

36.

Morrison

G. H.

, Appl. Spectrosc. 10, 71 (1957).

37.

Lyon

W. S.

Jr. , Guide to Activation Analysis (Van Nostrand, Princeton, N. J., 1964).

38.

Guinn

V. P.

Lichtman

, and McQuistan

R. B.

, Advances in Neutron Activation Analysis and Slow Electron Interaction with Absorbed Gases, Progress in Nuclear Energy, Series IX, (Pergamon, New York, 1965) Vol. 4, Pt. 2.

39.

Guinn

V. P.

, Proc. Int. Conf. Peaceful Uses At. Energy, 3rd Geneva, 433 (1965).

40.

Guinn

V. P.

, Conf. Interam. Radioquim., 1st, Montevideo, Uruguay, 1963, 317 (1965).

41.

Guinn

V. P.

, Encycl. Ind. Chem. Anal. 1, 52 (1966).

42.

Pro

M. J.

Schlessinger

H. L.

, and Cohan

, J. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chemists 48, 459 (1965).

43.

Schlesinger

H. L.

Pro

M. J.

, and Hoffman

C. M.

, J. Assoc. Offic. Agr. Chemists 48, 1139 (1965).

44.

Pro

M. J.

and Hoffman

C. M.

, Paper No. 54, 159th ACS National Meeting, Analytical Chemistry Division, Houston, Texas, 1970.

45.

Ziomek

J. S.

, Report No. IITRI-U6042–3, Application of Hollow Cathode and Microwave-Stimulated Emission Techniques, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Ill., 1969.

46.

Kemp

, private communication, U. S. Army, MERDC, Ft. Belvoir, Va., 1969.

47.

Advan. X-Ray Anal. 11, 249 (1968).

48.

Brinkerhoff

J. M.

and Forsyth

, Contract No. AT (30–1)-3160, USAEC, Div. of Isotopes Development, 1965.

49.

Holmes

R. A.

and MacDonald

R. B.

, Proc. IEEE, 57, 629 (1969).

50.

K. S.

Landgrebe

D. A.

, and Phillips

T. L.

, Proc. IEEE, 57, 639 (1969).

51.

Klainer

S. M.

, private communication, Block Engineering Corp., Cambridge, Mass., 1970.

52.

Tannenbaum

, EATM 321-F, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., April 1969.

53.

Carlon

, EATR 4239, Edgewood Arsenal, Md., Nov. 1968.