Direct Method for Spectrochemical Determination of Microquantities of Lead in Whole Urine

Vanderkolk A. F. and Van Farowe D. E. , “Spectrographic Determination of Lead in Whole Urine,” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 22, 368 (1961).

“USPHS Method of Determining Lead in Biological Material,” Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 24, 481 (1961).

Cholak J. , “The Quantitative Spectrographic Determination of Lead in Urine,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 30, 98 (1950).

Griffin H. and LeBreton R. , “Study of the Diagnosis of Lead Poisoning,” Police Sci. 30, 98 (1950).

Two rapid screening methods are described in the literature using whole urine, but they lack the selectivity, accuracy, and/or rapidity to handle large numbers of samples: Woessner W. W. and Cholak J. , “Improvements in the Rapid Screening Method for Lead in Urine,” A.M.A. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 7, 205 (1953); Amdur M. O. , “Rapid Determination of Lead in Old Urine Samples,” A.M.A. Arch. Ind. Hyg. Occup. Med. 7, 302 (1953).