A discussion of the many types of samples encountered in industrial hygiene studies, the techniques and instruments used for their collection, the methods used for their preliminary chemical treatment, and the spectrographic instrumentation and techniques employed for the quantitative determination of their trace metallic constituents is presented. In this paper emphasis has been placed on the need to use sharp, clean separation procedures, along with appropriate instrumentation, to meet the analytical objectives in this field, i.e., highly sensitive, precise determinations of minute amounts of chemical substances. The high utility of the emission spectrograph for the analysis of metallic elements has been illustrated with typical examples of analytical applications made in the author's laboratory.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
The Industrial Environment—Its Evaluation and Control, Syllabus for Short Courses for Industrial Hygiene Engineers and Chemists, PHS Publication No. 614, U. S. Gov't. Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1958
2.
ElkinsH. B., The Chemistry of Industrial Toxicology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, Second Ed., 1959.
3.
JacobsM. B., The Analytical Chemistry of Industrial Poisons, Hazards, and Solvents, Interscience Publishers, Inc., New York, Second Ed., 1949.
4.
PattyF. A., Editor, Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Volume I, General Principles, Interscience Publishers, Inc., Second Revised Edition, New York, 1958.
5.
Ibid, Volume II, Toxicology, FassettDavid W. and IrishDon D., Editors, Interscience Publishers, Inc., Second Revised Edition, New York, 1963
6.
Industrial Ventilation—A Manual of Kecommended Practice, 8th Edition, Committee on Industrial Ventilation, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, P. O. Box 453, Lansing, Michigan, 48902
7.
GreenburgL. and SmithG. W., A New Instrument for Sampling Aerial Dust, U. S. Bureau of Mines, R I 2392 (1922)
8.
DallavalleJ. M., PUB. HEALTH REPTS., 52, Part 2, 1114 (1937)
9.
Air Sampling Instruments, Manual for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants, American Confer ence of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Second Edition, 1962
10.
FitzgeraldJ. J. and DetwilerC. G., A.M.A. ARCH. IND. HEALTH, 15, 3 (1957)
11.
PaulusH. J.TalvitieN. A.FraserD. A., and KeenanR. G., AMER. IND. HYG. ASSOC. QUARTERLY, 18, 267 (1957)
12.
MayK. A., J. SCI. INSTR., 22, 187 (1945)
13.
KeenanR. G.ByersD. H.SaltzmanB. E., and HyslopF. L., AMER. IND. HYG. ASSOC. J., 24, 481 (1963)
14.
KeenanR. G., Referee: Determination of Lead in Air and in Biological Materials, The “USPHS” Double Extraction, Mixed Color Dithizone Method, Manual of Analytical Methods, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1963.
15.
KoppJ. F. and KeenanR. G., AMER. IND. HYG. Assoc. J., 24, 1 (1963)
16.
TalvitieN. A. and BrewerL. W., IBID., 21, 287 (1960)
17.
WelfordG. A.MorseR. S., and AlercioJ. S., IBID., 21, 68 (1960)
18.
NobleF. W.AbelK., and CookP. W., ANAL. CHEM., 36, 1421 (1964)
19.
CharskaR. C. and LinchA. L., AMER. IND. HYG. Assoc. J., 18, 135 (1957)
20.
Encyclopedia of Instrumentation for Industrial Hygiene, University of Michigan, 1956
21.
KeenanR. G., A.M.A. ARCH, OF IND. HEALTH, 15, 253 (1957)
22.
KeenanR. G. and HoltzJ. L., AMER. IND. HYG. Assoc. J., 25, 254 (1964)
23.
KeenanR. G., The Suppression of Cyanogen Bands in the Direct Current Graphite Arc by Lithium Chloride, Thesis, University of Maryland, June 1952.
24.
KeenanR. G. and ByersD. H., ARCH. IND. HYG. & OCCUP. MED., 6, 226 (1952)
25.
KeenanR. G. and WhiteC. E., ANAL. CHEM., 25, 887 (1953)
26.
KeenanR. G. and KoppJ. F., IBID., 28, 185 (1956)
27.
KinserR. E.KeenanR. G., and KupelR. E., Presented at the Third National Meeting, The Society for Applied Spectroscopy, Cleveland, Ohio, September 28-October 2, 1964.
28.
CohenA. E.PaulusH. J.KeenanR. G., and ScheelL. D., A.M.A. ARCH, OF IND. HEALTH, 17, 164–169 (1958)
ScheelL. D.KeenanR. G.MountainJ. T.KoppJ. F.HoltzJ. L., and KillensR., Proceedings——13th International Congress on Occupational Health, New York, 1960, pp. 783–785
