Development of Infrared Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (Mirage Effect) for Analysis of Condensed-Phase Aerosols Collected in a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor

Abstract

The potential of mid-infrared photothermal deflection spectrometry for aerosol analysis is demonstrated. Ammonium nitrate aerosols are deposited on a flat substrate using a micro-orifice uniform deposit impactor (MOUDI). Photothermal spectroscopy with optical beam deflection (mirage effect) is used to detect deposited aerosols. Photothermal deflection from aerosols is measured by using pulsed infrared laser light to heat up aerosols collected on the substrate. The deflection signal is obtained by measuring the position of a spot from a beam of light as it passes near the heated surface. The results indicate non-rotating impaction as the preferred MOUDI impaction method. Energy-dependent photothermal measurement shows a linear relationship between signal and laser intensity, and no loss of signal with time is observed. The detection limit from the signal–mass curve is 7.31 ng. For 30 minutes collection time and 30 L/min flow rate of the impactor, the limit of detection in terms of aerosol mass concentration is 0.65 μgm⁻³.

Keywords

Photothermal deflection spectroscopy PDS Mirage effect Impactor Aerosol

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Pope

C. A.

Thun

M. J.

Mamboodiri

M. M.

Dockery

D. W.

Evans

J. S.

Speizer

F. E.

Heath

C. W.

Jr. , Am. J. Respiratory Crit. Care Med. 151, 669 (1995).

U.S. EPA, in Federal Register (2006), Vol. 71, pp. 61143–61233.

U.S. EPA, in Federal Register (2006), Vol. 71, pp. 61235–61328.

Chan

C. H.

, Appl. Phys. Lett. 26, 628 (1975).

DeForest

C. L.

Qian

and Miller

R. E

, Appl. Opt. 41, 5804 (2002).

Kwok

H. S.

Rossi

T. M.

Lau

W. S.

and Shaw

D. T

, Opt. Lett. 13, 192 (1988).

Sageev

and Seinfeld

J. H

, Appl. Opt. 23, 4368 (1984).

Arnott

W. P.

Moosmuller

and Rogers

C. F

, Atmos. Environ. 33, 2845 (1999).

McMurry

P. H.

, Atmosph. Environ. 34, 1959 (2000).

10.

Adams

K. M.

, Appl. Opt. 27, 4052 (1988).

11.

Adams

K. M.

Davis

L. I. J.

Japar

S. M.

and Pierson

W. R

, Atmos. Environ. 23, 693 (1989).

12.

Arnott

W. P.

Moosmuller

Abbott

R. E.

and Ossofsky

M. D

, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 4827 (1995).

13.

Arnott

W. P.

Hamasha

Moosmuller

Sheridan

P. J.

and Ogren

J. A

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 39, 17 (2005).

14.

Lack

D. A.

Lovejoy

E. R.

Baynard

Pettersson

and Ravishankara

A. R

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 40, 697 (2006).

15.

Sedlacek

and Lee

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 41, 1089 (2007).

16.

Sedlacek

A. J.

, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 064903 (2006).

17.

Schweitzer

M. A.

and Power

J. F

, Appl. Spectrosc. 48, 1054 (1994).

18.

Schweitzer

M. A.

and Power

J. F

, Appl. Spectrosc. 48, 1076 (1994).

19.

Sell

J. A.

, Photothermal Investigation of Solids and Fluids (Academic Press, New York, 1989).

20.

Shannon

M. A.

Rostami

A. A.

and Russo

R. E

, J. Appl. Phys. 71, 53 (1992).

21.

Garnes

L. A.

and Allen

D. T

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 36, 983 (2002).

22.

Hogrefe

Drewnick

Lala

G. G.

and Schwab

J. J

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 38, 196 (2004).

23.

Michaud

Picard

and Baril

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 31, 323 (1999).

24.

Michaud

Picard

and Baril

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 31, 338 (1999).

25.

Picard

Michaud

and Baril

, Aerosol Sci. Technol. 31, 350 (1999).

26.

Rohl

Childers

J. W.

and Palmer

R. A

, Appl. Spectrosc. 39, 668 (1985).

27.

Dada

O. O.

and Bialkowski

S. E

, Appl. Spectrosc. 62, 1326 (2008).

28.

Aamodt

L. C.

and Murphy

J. C

, J. Appl. Phys. 52, 4903 (1981).

29.

Bicanic

Kruger

Tores

Bein

and Harren

, Appl. Spectrosc. 43, 148 (1989).

30.

Aamodt

L. C.

and Murphy

J. C

, J. Appl. Phys. 54, 581 (1983).

31.

Bialkowski

S. E.

, Photothermal Spectroscopy Methods for Chemical Analysis (John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996).

32.

Fournier

and Boccara

A. C

, in Photothermal Investigations in Solids and Fluids (Academic Press, New York, 1989).

33.

Lasalle

E. L.

Lepoutre

and Roger

J. P

, J. Appl. Phys. 64, 1 (1988).

34.

Mandelis

and Power

R. F

, Appl. Opt. 27, 3397 (1988).

35.

Murphy

J. C.

and Aamodt

L. C

, J. Appl. Phys. 51, 4580 (1980).

36.

Power

J. F.

and Mandelis

, Appl. Opt. 27, 3408 (1988).

37.

Smith

M. J.

and Palmer

R. A

, Appl. Spectrosc. 41, 1106 (1987).

38.

Bialkowski

S. E.

, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 58, 687 (1987).

39.

Bridges

T. E.

Houlne

M. P.

and Harris

J. M

, Anal. Chem. 76, 576 (2004).

40.

U.S. EPA, Revision to Ambient Air Monitoring Regulations: Final Rule, Part III (2006), Vol. 71, pp. 61235–61328.

41.

Long

G. R.

and Bialkowski

S. E

, Anal. Chem. 58, 80 (1986).