In this work, the isothermal curing process of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A(DGEBA) cured with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) was monitored in situ by mid-infrared (MIR) and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. With the help of generalized two-dimensional (2D) correlation analysis, the results obtained showed that, during curing, the change of amine and epoxy groups was simultaneous, taking place prior to the change of hydroxyl groups, followed by the change of CH2/CH groups, resulting from the ring-opening reaction of epoxy groups. In addition, 2D MIR×NIR hetero-spectral correlation analysis and second-derivative analysis were also employed, by means of which direct evidence of the curing mechanism could be obtained and obscure NIR band assignments in the overlapped CH combination region could be made.
GeorgeG. A.ColeclarkeP.JohnN. St. and FriendG, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.42, 643 (1991).
2.
ChikeK. E.MyrickM. L.LyonR. E. and AngelS. M, Appl. Spectrosc.47, 1631 (1993).
3.
PoissonN.LachenalG. and SautereauH, Vib. Spectrosc.12, 237 (1996).
4.
MustoP.MartuscelliE.RagostaG.RussoP. and VillanoP, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.74, 532 (1999).
5.
LachenalG.BuchetR.RenY. and OzakiY, AIP Conf. Proc.503, 223 (2000).
6.
MijovicJ. and AndjelicS, Macromolecules28, 2787 (1995).
7.
MijovicJ.AndjelicS. and KennyJ. M, Polym. Adv. Technol.7, 1 (1996).
8.
KortaberriaG.ArrutiP.GabilondoN. and MondragonI, Eur. Polym. J.40, 129 (2004).
9.
DeanK.CookW. D.ReyL.GalyJ. and SautereauH, Macromolecules34, 6623 (2001).
10.
StrehmelV. and ScherzerT, Eur. Polym. J.30, 361 (1994).
11.
MinB. G.StachurskiZ. H.HodgkinJ. H. and HeathG. R, Polymer34, 3620 (1993).
12.
XuL. S. and SchlupJ. R, Appl. Spectrosc.50, 109 (1996).
13.
ParkS. J.KwakG. H.SumitaM. and LeeJ. R, Polym. Eng. Sci.40, 2569 (2000).
14.
JohnN. A. St. and GeorgeG. A, Polymer33, 2679 (1992).
15.
KitagawaK.HayasakiS. and OzakiY, Vib. Spectrosc.15, 43 (1997).
16.
XuL. S.FuJ. H. and SchlupJ. R, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.35, 963 (1996).
17.
GarridoM.LarrechiM. S. and RiusF. X, Appl. Spectrosc.60, 174 (2006).
18.
XuL. and SchlupJ. R, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.67, 895 (1998).
19.
GarridoM.LarrechiM. S.RiusF. X.RondaJ. C. and CadizV, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.44, 4846 (2006).
20.
HillD. J. T.GeorgeG. A. and RogersD. G, Polym. Adv. Technol.13, 353 (2002).
21.
HillD. J. T.GeorgeG. A. and RogersD. G, Polym. Adv. Technol.12, 169 (2001).
22.
XuL.FuJ. H. and SchlupJ. R, J. Am. Chem. Soc.116, 2821 (1994).
23.
ChabertB.LachenalG. and TungC. V, Macromol. Symp.94, 145 (1995).
24.
VarleyR. J.HeathG. R.HawthorneD. G.HodgkinJ. H. and SimonG. P, Polymer36, 1347 (1995).
25.
MijovicJ.HanY. F.SunM. Y. and PejanovicS, Macromolecules36, 4589 (2003).
26.
ParkS. J.SeoM. K.LeeJ. R. and LeeD. R, J. Polym. Sci. Part A, Polym. Chem.39, 187 (2001).
27.
SimonS. L. and GillhamJ. K, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.46, 1245 (1992).
28.
LeeJ. Y.ShimM. J. and KimS. W, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.83, 2419 (2002).
29.
KimJ.MoonT. J. and HowellJ. R, J. Composite Mater.36, 2479 (2002).
30.
DeanK. and CookW. D, Macromolecules35, 7942 (2002).
31.
WisanrakkitG.GillhamJ. K. and EnnsJ. B, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.41, 1895 (1990).
32.
Rigail-CedenoA. and SungC. S. P, Polymer46, 9378 (2005).
33.
MikesF.BaselgaJ. and Paz-AbuinS, Eur. Polym. J.38, 2393 (2002).
34.
YuJ. W. and SungC. S. P, Macromolecules28, 2506 (1995).
35.
FischerM. and TranC. D, Anal. Chem.71, 953 (1999).
36.
MinB. G.StachurskiZ. H. and HodgkinJ. H, Polymer34, 4488 (1993).
37.
MustoP.MartuscelliE.RagostaG. and MasciaL, Polymer42, 5189 (2001).
38.
OlmosD.AznarA. J.BaselgaJ. and Gonzalez-BenitoJ, J. Colloid Interface Sci.267, 117 (2003).
39.
CrosbyP. A.PowellG. R.FernandoG. F.FranceC. M.SpooncerR. C. and WatersD. N, Smart Mater. Struct.5, 415 (1996).
40.
Lopez-QuintelaA.PrendesP.Pazos-PellinM.PazM. and Paz-AbuinS, Macromolecules31, 4770 (1998).
41.
LiuH. P.UhlherrA.VarleyR. and BannisterM. K, J. Polym. Sci. Part A, Polym. Chem.42, 3143 (2004).
42.
WangQ.StormB. K. and HoumollerL. P, J. Appl. Polym. Sci.87, 2295 (2003).
43.
Paz-AbuinS.Lopez-QuintelaA.VarelaM.Pazos-PellinM. and PrendesP, Polymer38, 3117 (1997).
44.
NodaI., Appl. Spectrosc.47, 1329 (1993).
45.
NodaI.DowreyA. E.MarcottC.StoryG. M. and OzakiY, Appl. Spectrosc.54, 236A (2000).
46.
OzakiY. and NodaI, “Two-dimensional Vibrational Correlation Spectroscopy in Biomedical Sciences”, in Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry, MeyersR. A. Ed. (John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, 2000), p. 322.
47.
NodaI., Vib. Spectrosc.36, 143 (2004).
48.
LiL.ChenY. and LiS. J, Appl. Spectrosc.60, 392 (2006).
49.
ShenY.ChenE. Q.YeC.ZhangH. L.WuP. Y.NodaI. and ZhouQ. F, J. Phys. Chem. B109, 6089 (2005).
50.
WangJ. P.ChenJ. X. and HochstrasserR. M, J. Phys. Chem. B110, 7545 (2006).
51.
DatheH.HaiderP.JentysA. and LercherJ. A, J. Phys. Chem. B110, 10729 (2006).
52.
PopescuM. C.FilipD.VasileC.CruzC.RueffJ. M.MarcosM.SerranoJ. L. and SingurelG, J. Phys. Chem. B110, 14198 (2006).
53.
NodaI., Chemtracts: Macromol. Chem.1, 89 (1990).
54.
BartonF. E.HimmelsbachD. S.DuckworthJ. H. and SmithM. J, Appl. Spectrosc.46, 420 (1992).
55.
WuP. and SieslerH. W, J. Mol. Struct.521, 37 (2000).
56.
AmariT. and OzakiY, Macromolecules35, 8020 (2002).
57.
MaaloulyJ.EveleighL.RutledgeD. N. and DucauzeC. J, Vib. Spectrosc.36, 279 (2004).
58.
Czarnik-MatusewiczB.PilorzS. and HawranekJ. P, Anal. Chim. Acta544, 15 (2005).
59.
JungY. M.Czarnik-MatusewiczB. and OzakiY, J. Phys. Chem. B104, 7812 (2000).
60.
NagaiN.YamaguchiY.SaitoR.HayashiS. and KudoM, Appl. Spectrosc.55, 1207 (2001).
61.
RenY.MatsushitaA.MatsukawaK.InoueH.MinamiY.NodaI. and OzakiY, Vib. Spectrosc.23, 207 (2000).
62.
LiuY.ChenY. R. and OzakiY, J. Agric. Food Chem.48, 901 (2000).
63.
LiuY. L. and ChenY. R, Appl. Spectrosc.54, 1458 (2000).
64.
LiuY. L.BartonF. E.LyonB. G.WindhamW. R. and LyonC. E, J. Agric. Food Chem.52, 505 (2004).
65.
PancoskaP.KubelkaJ. and KeiderlingT. A, Appl. Spectrosc.53, 655 (1999).
66.
ChoiH. C.JungY. M.NodaI. and KimS. B, J. Phys. Chem. B107, 5806 (2003).
67.
HydeJ. R.BourneR. A.NodaI.StephensonP. and PoliakoffM, Anal. Chem.76, 6197 (2004).
68.
StevensG. C., J. Appl. Polym. Sci.26, 4259 (1981).
