Abstract
We used scanning tunneling microscopy–tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (STM-TERS) to study the polarization properties of near-field scattering on a crystalline material as well as on a dye adsorbate. The measurements on a (111)-oriented c-Si sample were found to be well described by a recently proposed model for TERS and allowed for a characterization of the polarization properties of the tips used. The tip enhancement was stronger for excitation radiation having a field component along the tip axis for both types of samples. A non-negligible enhancement was also found for the field component perpendicular to the tip axis.
Keywords
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Hartschuh
A.
Sanchez
E. J.
Xie
X. S.
Novotny
L.
, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 , 095503 (2003 ).
2.
Ren
B.
Picardi
G.
Pettinger
B.
Schuster
R.
Ertl
G.
, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44 , 139 (2005 ).
3.
Pettinger
B.
Ren
B.
Picardi
G.
Schuster
R.
Ertl
G.
, J. Raman Spectrosc. 36 , 541 (2005 ).
4.
Pan
D.
Klymyshyn
N.
Hu
D.
Lu
H. P.
, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 , 093121 (2006 ).
5.
Yano
T.
Verma
P.
Inouye
Y.
Kawata
S.
, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 , 093125 (2006 ).
6.
Yeo
B. S.
Zhang
W.
Vannier
C.
Zenobi
R.
, Appl. Spectrosc. 60 , 1142 (2006 ).
7.
Neugebaur
U.
Schmid
U.
Baumann
K.
Ziebuhr
W.
Kozitskaya
S.
Deckert
V.
Schmitt
M.
Popp
J.
, Chem. Phys. Chem. 8 , 124 (2007 ).
8.
Jersch
J.
Demming
F.
Hildenhagen
L. J.
Dickmann
K.
, Appl. Phys. A 66 , 29 (1998 ).
9.
Domke
K. F.
Zhang
D.
Pettinger
B.
, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 , 14721 (2006 ).
10.
Neacsu
C. C.
Dreyer
J.
Behr
N.
Raschke
M. B.
, Phys. Rev. B 73 , 193406 (2006 ).
11.
Zhang
W.
Yeo
B. S.
Schmid
T.
Zenobi
R.
, J. Phys. Chem. C 111 , 1733 (2007 ).
12.
Anderson
N.
Hartschuh
A.
Cronin
S.
Novotny
L.
, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 , 2533 (2005 ).
13.
Sun
W. X.
Shen
Z. X.
, J. Raman Spectrosc. 34 , 783668 (2003 ).
14.
Mehtani
D.
Lee
N.
Hartschuh
R. D.
Kisliuk
A.
Foster
M. D.
Sokolov
A. P.
, J. Raman Spectrosc. 36 , 1068 (2005 ).
15.
Nguyen
Q.
Schreiber
J.
Ossikovski
R.
, Opt. Commun. 274 , 231 (2007 ).
16.
Poborchii
V.
Tada
T.
Kanayama
T.
, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 44 , L202 (2005 ).
17.
Ossikovski
R.
Nguyen
Q.
Picardi
G.
, Phys. Rev. B 75 , 045412 (2007 ).
18.
Picardi
G.
Nguyen
Q.
Schreiber
J.
Ossikovski
R.
, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys., paper in press (2007 ).
19.
Ren
B.
Picardi
G.
Pettinger
B.
, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 , 837 (2004 ).
20.
Wade
C. P.
Chidsey
C. E. D.
, Appl. Phys. Lett. 71 , 1679 (1997 ).
21.
Demming
A. L.
Festy
F.
Richards
D.
, J. Chem. Phys. 122 , 184716 (2005 ).
22.
Foteinopoulou
S.
Vigneron
J. P.
Vandenbem
C.
, Opt. Exp. 15 , 4523 (2007 ).
23.
Bulgarevich
D. S.
Futamata
M.
, Appl. Spectrosc. 58 , 757 (2004 ).
24.
Neacsu
C. C.
Steudle
G. A.
Raschke
M. B.
, Appl. Phys. B 80 , 295 (2005 ).
25.
Matsui
R.
Verma
P.
Ichimura
T.
Inouye
Y.
Kawata
S.
, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 , 061906 (2007 ).
26.
Hao
F.
Nehl
C. L.
Hafner
J. H.
Nordlander
P.
, Nano Lett. 7 , 729 (2007 ).
27.
Lee
N.
Hartschuh
R. D.
Methany
D.
Kisliuk
A.
Maguire
J. F.
Green
M.
Foster
M. D.
Sokolov
A. P.
, J. Raman Spectrosc. 38 , 789 (2007 ).
28.
Georgi
C.
Hecker
M.
Zschech
E.
, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 , 171102 (2007 ).
29.
Beversluis
M. R.
Bouhelier
A.
Novotny
L.
, Phys. Rev. B 68 , 115433 (2003 ).
30.
Downes
A.
Salter
D.
Elfick
A.
, J. Phys. Chem. B 110 , 6692 (2006 ).
31.
Sundaramurthy
A.
Crozier
K. B.
Kino
G. S.
Fromm
D. P.
Schuck
P. J.
Moerner
W. E.
, Phys. Rev. B 72 , 165409 (2005 ).
32.
Rendell
R. W.
Scalapino
D. J.
, Phys. Rev. B 24 , 3276 (1981 ).
33.
Porto
J. A.
Johansson
P.
Apell
S. P.
Lopez-Rios
T.
, Phys. Rev. B 67 , 085409 (2003 ).
34.
Cvitkovic
A.
Ocelic
N.
Aizpurua
J.
Guckenberg
R.
Hillenbrand
R.
, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 , 060801 (2006 ).
35.
Wan
L. J.
Terashima
M.
Noda
H.
Osawa
M.
, J. Phys. Chem. B 104 , 3563 (2000 ).