The liquid fuel that accumulates in the engine manifold and cylinders during cold start conditions is thought to contribute significantly to excess hydrocarbon emissions. Two fluorescent dopants, cyclohexanone and 2-methyl-cyclopentanone, have been tested for use as fluorescent markers for quantitative two-dimensional (2D) imaging of the thickness of automotive fuel films in the range 0–1 mm. These dopants are co-evaporative with synthetic automotive fuel and have fluorescence that is virtually independent of oxygen concentration equivalent to saturation under 5 atm air at temperatures of 20–200 °C. Selection, calibration procedures, and (nonengine) demonstration laser-induced-fluorescence (LIF) imaging experiments are discussed.
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