Detection of Biological Agents: Looking for Bugs in All the Wrong Places

Ali J. Rodrigues L. and Moodie M , Jane's US Chemical-Biological Defense Guidebook (Jane's Information Group, Alexandria, Virginia, 1997).

Danzig R. and Berkowsky P. B , JAMA 278, 431 (1997).

Sipe C. H. , The Indian Wars of Pennsylvania (Telegraph Press, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1929).

Christopher G. W. Cieslak T. J. Pavlin J. A. and Eitzen E. M , J. Amer. Med. Assoc. 278, 412 (1997).

Robertson A. G. and Robertson L. J , Mil. Med. 160, 369 (1995).

Witcover J. , Sabotage at Black Tom: Imperial Germany's Secret War in America, 1914–1917 (Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 1989).

Harris S. H. , Factories of Death (Routledge, New York, 1994).

Livingstone N. C. and Douglass D. J. D , CBW: The Poor Man's Atomic Bomb (Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1984).

Canadian Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Office of Biosafety, Materials Safety Data Sheet for Francisella tularensis; http://www.hc-sc.ca/hpb/lcdc/biosafty/msds/index.html.

Brock T. D. and Madigan M. T , Biology of Microorganisms (Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1991), 6th ed.

Perry J. J. and Staley J. T , Microbiology: Dynamics and Diversity (Saunders College Publishing, Forth Worth, Texas, 1997).

Jackson M. and Mantsch H. H , Spectrochim. Acta Rev. 15, 53 (1993).

Falkow S. , ASM News 63, 359 (1997).

Franz D. R. Jahrling P. B. Friedlander A. M. McClain D. J. Hoover D. L. Bryne W. R. Pavlin J. A. Christopher C. W. and Eitzen E. M , JAMA 278, 399 (1997).

Krieg N. R. and Gerhardt P , “Solid, Liquid/Solid and Semisolid Culture”, in Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, Gerhardt P. Murray R. G. E. Wood W. A. and Krieg N. R , Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 216.

Johns M. Harrington L. Titball R. W. and Leslie D. L , Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 18, 236 (1994).

Keller R. A. Ambrose W. P. Goodwin P. M. Jett J. H. Martin J. C. and Wu M , Appl. Spectrosc. 50, 12A (1996).

Billard P. and DuBow M. S , Clin. Biochem. 31, 1 (1998).

Lam K. M. , Vet. Microbiol. 35, 133 (1993).

Charania Z. Vanmaele R. and Armstrong G. D , J. Microbiol. Meth. 14, 171 (1991).

Toma C. Nakamura S. Kamiya S. Nakasone N. and Iwanaga M , Microbiol. Immunol. 43, 737 (1999).

Moller K. and Ahrens P , Anaerobe 2, 103 (1996).

Swaminathan B. and Feng P , Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48, 401 (1994).

Bronk B. V. and Reinisch L , Spectroscopy 47, 436 (1993).

Faris R. A. Copeland D. J. Eckstrom A. Williams C. Witham C. Carlisle C. B. Leonelli J. and Bronk B , SRIN Technical Note, Project # 2913, Contract # DAAA15–91-D-0002, May, 1992.

Christesen S. and Ong K , presented at the MASINT Biological Defense Science and Technology Symposium, Patrick Air Force Base, Florida (1996).

Stephens J. R. , in Proceedings of the Conference on Chemical and Biological Defense Research, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland (1996).

Cheng Y. S. Barr E. B. Fan B. J. Hargis P. J. Rader D. J. O'Hern T. J. Torczynski J. R. Tisone G. C. Preppernau B. L. Young S. A. and Radloff R. J , Aerosol Sci. Technol. 30, 186 (1999).

Seaver M. Eversole J. D. Hardgrove J. J. Cary W. K. and Roselle D. C , Aerosol Sci. Technol. 30, 174 (1999).

Hairston P. P. Ho J. and Quant F. R , J. Aerosol Sci. 28, 471 (1997).

Norris K. P. , J. Hyg. 57, 326 (1959).

Naumann D. Fijala V. Labischinski H. and Giesbrecht P , J. Molec. Struct. 174, 165 (1988).

Van der Mei H. C. Naumann D. and Busscher H. J , Infrared Phys. Technol. 37, 561 (1996).

Naumann D. Helm D. and Labischinski H , Nature 351, 81 (1991).

Helm D. Labischinski H. Schallehn G. and Naumann D , J. Gen. Microbiol. 137, 69 (1991).

Helm D. Labischinski H. and Naumann D , J. Microbiol. Meth. 14, 127 (1991).

Van der Mei H. C. Noordmans J. and Busscher H. J , Biochim. Biophys. Acta 991, 395 (1989).

Schrader B. Hoffman A. and Keller S , Spectrochim. Acta, Part A 47, 1135 (1991).

Keller S. Lochte T. Dippel B. and Schrader B , Fresenius' J. Anal. Chem. 346, 863 (1993).

Keller S. Schrader B. Hoffman A. Schrader W. Metz K. Rehlaender A. Pahnke J. Ruwe M. and Budach W , J. Raman Spectrosc. 25, 663 (1994).

Naumann D. Keller S. Helm D. Schultz C. and Schrader B , J. Molec. Struct. 347, 399 (1995).

Brodsky A. M. Burgess L. W. and Smith S. A , Appl. Spectrosc. 52, A332 (1998).

Jonsson U. Fagerstam L. Ivarsson B. Johnsson B. Karlsson R. Lundh K. Lofas S. Persson B. Roos H. Ronnberg I. Sjolander S. Strenberg E. Stahlberg R. Urbaniczky C. Ostlin H. and Malqvist M , BioTechniques 11, 620 (1991).

Granzow R. and Reed R , Bio/Technology 10, 390 (1992).

Holmes S. D. May K. Johansson V. Markey F. and Critchley I. A , J. Microbiol. Meth. 28, 77 (1997).

Medina M. B. Van Houten L. Cook P. H. and Tu S. I , Biotechnol. Techn. 11, 173 (1997).

Powell M. and Lengel A , Washington Post, Friday April 27, 1997.

Carlsen T. M. and Vanderberg L. A , UCRL-AR-131343 DR and LA-UR 98–3336 (1998).

McFeters G. A. Yu F. P. Pyle B. H. and Stewart P. S , J. Microbiol. Meth. 21, 1 (1995).

Sigma Technical Bulletin BSCA-1 12–87 (Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri, 1987).

Rossel D. and Tarradellas J , Environ. Tox. Water Qual. 6, 17 (1991).

Stubberfield L. C. F. and Shaw P. J. A , J. Microbiol. Meth. 12, 151 (1990).

Setlow P. , In Sporulation and Germination, Proceedings of the 8th International Spore Conference, Levinson H. S. Sonenshein A. L. and Tipper D. J , Eds. (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1981), pp. 13–28.

Vanderberg L. A. Wagner G. L. Abel M. Obiso R. J. and Herdendorf T. J , unpublished research.

Obiso R. J. Jr. Herdendorf T. J. and Vanderberg L. A , Abstr. Amer. Soc. Microbiol. 98 Gen. Meet. Abstr. I-5 (American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 1998), p. 308.

Barela T. D. and Sherry A. D , Anal. Biochem. 71, 351 (1976).

Hindle A. A. and Hall E. A. H , Analyst 124, 1599 (1999).

Ryan J. J. Cardwell J. T. Childers G. W. Kellogg T. F. and Wang A. W , J. Dairy Sci. 62(S1), 206 (1979).

Burlage R. S. and Kuo C.-T , Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48, 291 (1994).

Ulitzur S. and Kuhn J , in Bioluminescence and Chemiluminescence: New Perspectives, Schlomerich J. Andreeson R. Kapp A. Ernst M. and Woods W. G , Eds. (Wiley, Bristol, 1987), p. 463.

Sarkis G. J. Jacobs W. R. and Hatfull G. F , Mol. Microbiol. 15, 1055 (1995).

Jacobs W. R. Barletta R. G. Udani R. Chan J. Kalkut G. Sosne G. Kieser T. Sarkis G. J. Hatfull G. F. and Bloom H , Science 260, 819 (1993).

Folley-Thomas E. M. Whipple D. L. Bermudez L. E. and Barletta G. R , Microbiol. 141, 1173 (1995).

Turpin P. E. Maycroft K. A. Bedford J. Rowlands C. L. and Wellington E. M. H , Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 16, 24 (1993).

Loessner M. J. and Busse M , Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56, 1912 (1990).

Loessner M. J. Rees C. E. D. Stewart G. S. A. B. and Scherer S , Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62, 1133 (1996).

Loessner M. J. Rudolf M. and Scherer S , Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63, 2961 (1997).

Jordan C. E. , R. M. Corn, Anal. Chem. 69, 1449 (1997).