Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Constant-energy synchronous luminescence (CESL) offers significant improvements in selectivity and sensitivity compared to the more conventional constant-wavelength synchronous luminescence (CWSL) technique. Despite this consideration, practical problems can be encountered that have not been reported in the literature. This paper offers an explanation of these technical issues—why they occur and how they can be avoided—and the method optimized to take full advantage of this powerful technique. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were selected for demonstrating all our conclusions, because of their carcinogenic activity; 16 of them appear in the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) list as PAHs for which it is necessary to develop efficient methods for their precise and accurate quantification at low levels. The technique can be applied to other complex fluorescent mixtures.

Keywords

Constant-energy synchronous luminescence CESL Constant-wavelength synchronous luminescence CWSL Wavenumber Scan speed Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)Second derivative

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Salgado

Bosch

Rojas

Sánchez F.

and Pavón

Cano J. M

, Química Analítica 5, 374 (1986).

Lloyd

J. B. F.

, Nature 231, 64 (1971).

Futoma

D. J.

Smith

S. R.

and Tanaka

, CRC Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem. 13, 117 (1982).

Vo-Dinh

, Appl. Spectrosc. 36, 576 (1982).

Inman

E. L.

and Winefordner

J. D

, Anal. Chim. Acta 141, 241 (1982).

Jurgensen

Inman

E. L.

Jr. , and Winefordner

J. D.

, Anal. Chim. Acta 131, 187 (1981).

Inman

E. L.

and Winefordner

J. D

, Anal. Chem. 54, 2018 (1982).

Rubio

Gómez-Hens

and Valcárcel

, Anal. Chem. 57, 1101 (1985).

Green

G. L.

and O'Haver

T. C

, Anal. Chem. 46, 2191 (1974).

10.

John

and Soutar

, Anal. Chem. 48, 520 (1976).

11.

Miller

J. N.

, Proc. Anal. Div. Chem. Soc. 16, 56 (1979).

12.

Vo-Dinh

, Appl. Spectrosc. 36, 576 (1982).

13.

Blanco

Cruces C.

and Sánchez

García F

, Anal. Chem. 56, 2035 (1984).

14.

Gutiérrez

Rubio

Gómez-Hens

and Valcárcel

, Anal. Chem. 59, 769 (1987).

15.

Valcárcel

and Rubio

, Clin. Chem. 31, 1790 (1985).

16.

Qun Y.

Huang

Zhi X.

Gou J.

and Chen

Zhen G

, Anal. Chim. Acta 256, 285 (1992).

17.

Ferrer

Guiteras

and Beltrán

J. L

, J. Chromatogr. A 779, 123 (1997).

18.

Brouwer

E. R.

Hermans

A. N. J.

Lingeman

and Brinkam

U. A. Th

, J. Chromatogr. A 669, 45 (1994).

19.

Simpson

C. D.

Mosi

A. A.

Cullen

W. R.

and Reimer

K. J

, Sci. Total Environ. 181, 265 (1996).

20.

Sander

L. C.

, J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. Commun. 11, 383 (1988).

21.

Keit

L. H.

and Telliard

W. A

, Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 416 (1979).

22.

EPA Test Method, Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons Method 610 (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1982).

23.

Eiroa

Andrade A.

Blanco

Vázquez E.

Mahía

López P.

Lorenzo

Muniategui S.

and Rodríguez

Prada D

, Analyst 123, 2113 (1998).

24.

de Alda

López M. J.

García-Falcón

Lage-Yusty

M. A.

and Simal-Lozano

, J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 78, 495 (1995).

25.

Miller

J. C.

and Miller

J. N

, Statistics for Analytical Chemistry (E. Horwood, Chichester, 1988), 2nd ed., p. 103.

Optimizing Resolution in Constant-Energy Synchronous Spectrofluorimetry

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References