Implementing the Use of Pharmacist Progress Notes in a Surgical ICU

Abstract

Background

Critical care pharmacists are established and valuable members of the critical care team, however there is rarely written evidence of their daily involvement in the patient's electronic medical record (EMR). Documentation in the EMR has the advantage of ensuring a seamless pass-off and provides an opportunity to capture the pharmacist's cognitive and clinical impact in a way that traditional systems of tracking “interventions” fail to do. We investigated implementation of pharmacist progress notes in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU) and their utility in measuring pharmacist activity.

Methods

Daily pharmacist progress notes written in a surgical ICU over a period of 2 months were reviewed. Each pharmacist action identified through progress note review was quantified and scored by an independent reviewer using a newly developed scoring system, the clinical impact score (CIS). This was developed as a way to quantify pharmacist actions and to classify those actions by clinical impact.

Results

Four hundred sixty-two daily pharmacist progress notes were reviewed over a 2-month period. There were 1,055 actions identified that resulted in a therapy change. Four of these actions resulted in the potential avoidance of a sentinel event. Of patients with at least 5 progress notes (n = 44), the majority of pharmacist actions occurred on ICU day 1.

Conclusion

The results of this descriptive study demonstrate that the implementation of daily pharmacist progress notes is feasible in an advanced practice setting, and the pharmacist's contribution to patient care may be obtained through review of this documentation in the patient's medical record. The critical care pharmacist's daily involvement in patient care most commonly results in optimization of pharmacotherapy and avoidance of drug misadventure.