BanfiW.E., BatesJ.E., BlackshearR.H.A case-based approach to postoperative pain management: using DepoDur for thoracotomy, off-pump CABG, simultaneous bilateral TKA, and Whipple procedures. Anesthesiol News.2009; 35(11).
2.
BanksA.Innovations in postoperative pain management: continuous infusion of local anesthetics. AORN.2007; 85(5): 904–914.
3.
ApfelbaumJ.L., ChenC., MehtaS.S., GanT.J.Postoperative pain experience: results from a national survey suggest postoperative pain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg.2003; 97: 534–540.
4.
CraftJ.Patient-controlled analgesia: is it worth the painful prescribing process?Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent).2010; 23(4): 434–438.
5.
ScheinJ.R., HicksR.W., NelsonW.W., SikiricaV., DoyleD.J.Patient-controlled analgesia-related medication errors in the postoperative period: causes and prevention. Drug Safety.2009; 32(7): 549–559.
6.
ClassenD.C., PestotnikS.L., EvansR.S., LloydJ.F., BurkeJ.P.Adverse drug events in hospitalized patients: excess length of stay, extra costs, and attributable mortality. J Am Med Assoc.1997; 277: 301–306.
7.
KehletH., LiuS.S.Continuous local anesthetic wound infusion to improve postoperative outcome: back to the periphery?Anesthesiology.2007; 107: 369–371.
8.
WalderB., SchaferM., HenziI., TramerM.R.Efficacy and safety of patient-controlled opioid analgesia for acute postoperative pain: a quantitative systematic review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2001; 45: 795–804.
9.
HagleM.E., LehrV.T., BrubakkenK., ShippeeA.Respiratory depression in adult patients with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Orthopaedic Nurs.2004; 23(1): 18–27.
10.
EtchesR.C.Respiratory depression associated with patient-controlled analgesia: a review of eight cases. Can J Anaesth.1994; 41(2): 125–132.
11.
Looi-LyonsL.C., ChungF.F., ChanV.W., McQuestionM.Respiratory depression: an adverse outcome during patient controlled analgesia therapy. J Clin Anesthesia.1996; 8: 151–156.
12.
SahaD., JoshiG.P.Monitoring capnography helps prevent respiratory complications. Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiology; 2008. http://www.dicardiology.net/node/28573/. Accessed January 28, 2011.
13.
PaseroC., EksterowiczN., PrimeauM., CowleyC.Registered nurse management and monitoring of analgesia by catheter techniques: position statement. Pain Manag Nurs.2007; 8(2): 48–54.
HankinC.S., ScheinJ., ClarkJ.A.Adverse events involving intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. Am J Health Syst Pharm.2007; 64(14): 1492–1499.
16.
SantellJ.P., CousinsD.D., HicksR.Errors involving PCA pumps. Drug Topics.2004; 28–29.
17.
VincenteK.J., Kada-BekhaledK., HillelG., CassanoA., OrserB.A.Programming errors contribute to death from patient-controlled analgesia: case report and estimate of probability. Gen Anesthesia.2003; 50(4): 328–332.
ChoiniereM., RittenhouseB.E., PerreaultS.Efficacy and costs of patient-controlled analgesia versus regularly administered intramuscular opioid therapy. Anesthesiology.1998; 89(6): 1377–1388.
20.
MeissnerB., NelsonW., HicksR.The rate and costs attributable to intravenous patient-controlled analgesia errors. Hosp Pharm.2009; 44: 312–324.
21.
SilvastiM., PitkanenM.Patient-controlled epidural analgesia versus continuous epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand.2001; 45: 471–476.
22.
WuC.L., CohenS.R., RichmanJ.M.Efficacy of postoperative patient-controlled and continuous infusion epidural analgesia versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with opioids. Anesthesiology.2005; 103: 1079–1088.
23.
AramL., KraneE.J., KozloskiL.J., YasterM.Tunneled epidural catheters for prolonged analgesia in pediatric patients. Anesth Analg.2001; 92: 1432–1438.
Incline Therapeutics announces acquisition of IONSYS and $43 million series a financing. Incline Therapeutics, http://inclinethera.com/?p=1. Accessed January 28, 2011.
26.
ViscusiE.R., ReynoldsL., ChungF.Patient-controlled transdermal fentanyl hydrochloride vs intravenous morphine pump for postoperative pain: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc.2004; 291: 1333–1341.
PaseroC.Perineural local anesthetic infusion. AJN.2004; 104(7): 89–93.
29.
BeaussierM., El'AyoubiH., SchifferE.Continuous preperitoneal infusion of ropivacaine provides effective analgesia and accelerates recovery after colorectal surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesiology.2007; 107: 461–468.
30.
CheongW.K., Seow-ChoenF., EuK.W., TangC.L., HeahS.M.Randomized clinical trial of local bupivacaine perfusion versus parenteral morphine infusion for pain relief after laparotomy. Br J Surg.2001; 88: 357–359.
31.
SoetensF.M., SoetensM.A., VercauterenM.P.Levobupivacaine-sufentanil with or without epinephrine during epidural labor analgesia. Obstetr Anesth.2006; 103(1): 182–186.
32.
WilliamsB.A., KentorM.L., VogtM.T.Reduction of verbal pain scores after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with 2-day continuous femoral nerve block: a randomized clinical trial. Anesthesiology.2006; 104(20): 315–327.
33.
RichmanJ.M., LiuS.S., CourpasG.Does continuous peripheral nerve block provide superior pain control to opioids? A meta-analysis. Anesth Analg.2006; 102: 248–257.
BrownS.L., MorrisonA.E.Local anesthetic infusion pump systems adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration. Anesthesiology.2004; 100: 1305–1306.
LiuS.S., RichmanJ.M., ThirlbyR.C., WuC.L.Efficacy of continuous wound catheters delivering local anesthetic for postoperative analgesia: a quantitative and qualitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Am Coll Surg.2006; 203(6): 914–932.
42.
Denepitiya-BalickiT., PunjalaM.Extended-duration bupivacaine. In: SinatraR.S., JahrJ.S., Watkins-PitchfordJ.M., eds. The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2011; 471–475.
43.
LevitanD.Bupivacaine formulation extends local relief. Clin Anesthesiol.2010; 36: 12.