Pharmacogenetics and Warfarin Dosing: Has the Time Come for Routine Application?

Hall A.M. , Wilkins M.R. Warfarin: a case history in pharmacogenetics. Heart. 2005; 91: 563–564.

Lee C.R. Warfarin initiation and the potential role of genomic-guided dosing. Clin Med Res. 2005; 3: 205–206.

O'Kane D.J. , Weinshilboum R.M. , Moyer T.P. Pharmacogenomics and reducing the frequency of adverse drug events. Pharmacogenomics. 2003; 4: 1–4.

Xie H.G. , Frueh F.W. Pharmacogenomics steps toward personalized medicine. Personalized Medicine. 2005; 2: 325–337.

Hampton T. Researchers draft guidelines for clinical use of pharmacogenomics. JAMA. 2006; 296: 1453–1454.

Wadelius M. , Pirmohamed M. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin: Current status and future challenges. Pharmacogenomics J. 2006 [Epub ahead of print]: DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500417.

Huang S.M. , Goodsaid F. , Rahman A. , Frueh F. , Lesko L.J. Application of pharmacogenomics in clinical pharmacology. Toxicology Mechanisms Methods. 2006; 16: 89–99.

Gardiner S.J. , Begg E.J. Pharmacogenetics, drug-metabolizing enzymes, and clinical practice. Pharmacol Rev. 2006; 58: 521–590.

Gage B.F. , Eby C. , Milligan P.E. , Banet G.A. , Duncan J.R. , McLeod H.L. Use of pharmacogenetics and clinical factors to predict the maintenance dose of warfarin. Thromb Haemost. 2004; 91: 87–94.

Coumadin Tablets [package insert]. Princeton, New Jersey: Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; 2006.

Lakhman K. Days before warfarin label change, Genelex debuts DTC dosing Dx; ASHG's ‘Validity’ notice could help. Pharmacogenomics Reporter. October 18, 2006.

Prevent warfarin “oversteer” with DNA testing. Genelex. Available at: http://www.healthanddna.com/professional/anticoagulation.html. Accessed November 28, 2006.