Let There Be Light! Knowledge-Based 3-D Sketching Design Tools

Abstract

This paper presents a framework for 3D knowledge-based sketching tools for lighting design and two software prototypes built to illustrate sketch-based interaction with intelligent systems in 3-D domains. Spot supports direct sunlight simulation and visualization in a selected time period and Light Pen supports placement of electric lighting designs to light an intended area in space. In both examples, a 3-D sketching front-end is coupled with a back-end knowledge-based system. This enables a designer to pose a problem by drawing onto a 3-D model to which the knowledge-based system offers a solution – in one case by providing quantitative data analysis; in the other by modifying the 3-D model. Spot and Light Pen's specific domain of architectural lighting design exemplifies a more general class of 3-D interaction with intelligent systems.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Anders

, Daylighting: Performance and Design. 1995, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Egan

M.D.

and Olgyay

V.W.

, Architectural Lighting. 2 ed. 2001: McGraw Hill.

Zeleznik

R.C.

Herndon

K.P.

, and Hughes

J.F.

, Sketch: An Interface for Sketching 3D Scenes. SIGGRAPH '96, 1996, pp. 163–170.

Igarashi

Matsuoka

, and Tanaka

, Teddy: A sketching interface for 3D freeform design. Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH 1999 annual conference on Computer graphics, 1999, pp. 409–416.

E.Y.-L.

, Drawing Marks, Acts and Reacts: Toward a computational sketching for architectural design, AIEDAM – Artificial Intelligence in Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing, Parmee

and Smith

, eds. 2002, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK, pp. 149–171.

Igarashi

and Hughes

J.F.

, A Suggestive Interface for 3D Drawing, UIST, User Interface Software and Technology. 2001, ACM, pp. 173–181.

Schweikardt

and Gross

M.D.

, Digital Clay: Deriving Digital Models from Freehand Sketches, Digital Design Studios: Do Computers Make A Difference? ACADIA 98, Seebohm

and Wyk

S. V.

, eds. 1998, pp. 202–211.

Turner

Chapman

, and Penn

, Sketching Space, in Computers and Graphics, 2000, No. 24, pp. 869–876.

Stahovich

T.H.

Davis

, and Shrobe

, Generating Multiple New Designs from a Sketch. Proceedings of AAAI, 1996, pp. 1022–1029.

10.

Egenhofer

, Spatial-Query-by-Sketch. IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages, 1996, pp. 60–67.

11.

Landay

J.A.

and Myers

B.A.

, Sketching Interfaces: Toward More Human Interface Design. IEEE Computer, 2001, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 56–64.

12.

Forbus

Usher

, and Chapman

, Sketching for military courses of action diagrams. ACM Intelligent User Interfaces, 2002, pp. 61–68.

13.

Gross

M.D.

and Do

E.Y.-L.

, Drawing on the Back of an Envelope, in Computers and Graphics, Calligraphy Interface, Jorge

J.A.

and Glinert

, eds., 2000, Pergamon Press: New York. pp. 835–849

14.

Jung

E.Y.-L.

, and Gross

M.D.

, From Redliner to Space Pen. ACM Intelligent User Interfaces, 2002, pp. 95–102.

15.

Jung

Gross

M.D.

, and Do

E.Y.-L.

, Space Pen: Annotation and sketching on 3D models on the Internet, CAAD Futures 2001, Vries

B.d.

Leeuwen

J.P.v.

, and Achten

H. H.

, eds,. 2001, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Eindhoven, pp. 257–270.

16.

Erwine

, personal communication (April 30), 2002.

17.

Schoeneman

Dorsey

Smits

Arvo

, Painting with Light. SIGGraph, 1993, pp. 143–146.

18.

Glaser

and Hearst

. Space Series: A focus+context technique for displaying spatial and temporal data. IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization '99, Late Breaking Hot Topics. 1999. San Francisco.

19.

Roberts

and Marsh

, Ecotect: Environmental Prediction in Architectural Education, in eCAADe 2001. 2001, 342–347.

20.

Bund

, A 3D environment for direct sunlight visualization, DEA – “Modelisation et Simulation ees Espaces Batis”, Master Thesis, in Centre de Recherche en Architecture et Ingénierie (CRAI, Ecole d'Architecture de Nancy, France), conducted at the Design Machine Group (University of Washington, USA). 2003, Ecole d'Architecture de Nancy: Nancy.

21.

Glaser

Voung

Xiao

Tai

, LightSketch: A sketchmodelling program for lighting analysis, CAAD Futures 2003, Kluwer, 2003371–382