A new evaluation method of earthquake input energy to soil-structure interaction systems is developed. The method is an approach in the frequency domain. Because the inertial interaction (foundation impedance) and the kinematic interaction (effective input motion) are well described by frequency-dependent functions, the present approach based on the frequency domain analysis is appropriate and effective. Especially it is demonstrated that even soil-structure interaction systems including embedded foundations can be treated in a simple way and effects of degree of the foundation embedment on the earthquake input energy to the super-structure can be clarified systematically. The proposed approach has a generality that, if the foundation impedance and the effective input motion are evaluated for any ground system, the earthquake input energies to the structure and to the structure-foundation-soil system can be obtained in a unified manner. It is also shown briefly that the formulation of the earthquake input energy in the frequency domain is effective for solving a critical excitation problem for the maximum earthquake input energy and deriving a bound on the earthquake input energy for a class of ground motions.
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