This paper presents the stress distribution, confinement distribution and complete average longitudinal stress-strain curves for concentrically loaded short concrete-filled steel circular, octagonal, square and rectangular hollow section (HS) columns using 3-D finite element (FE) analyses. The curves predicted by FE analyses are in good agreement with those obtained from previous experimental work. The compressive design strengths and the compressive moduli of concrete-filled steel HS columns are also obtained. A unified method is proposed for the design of concentrically loaded short concrete-filled steel HS columns with different cross-section geometries.
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