Making the Polluters Pay,in Theory and Practice

CBI ‘Full text of George Osborne's speech to CBI Annual Conference 2006’, 27 November 2006

Watt N. ‘Osborne to change role and downplay green taxes as Tories lose economic battle’, The Guardian, 14 November 2008

‘Green Tax Switch’, http://campaigns.libdems.org.uk/greentaxswitch, retrieved on 23 January 2009

Mankiw N. G. ‘Raise the Gas Tax’, The Wall Street Journal, 20 October 2006

Clark A. ‘Exxon chief backs carbon tax’, The Guardian, 10 January 2009

Coase R. H. ‘The Problem of Social Cost’, Journal of Law and Economics, October 1960

Schneider S.H. ‘Assessing Key Vulnerability and the Risk from Climate Change’, in Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability — Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Parry M.L. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007

A social cost expressed in £/tC can be converted to £/tCO₂ using a ratio of 100:27.29.

Schneider S.H. ‘Assessing Key Vulnerability and the Risk from Climate Change’, in Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability — Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Parry M.L. (eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007

Tol R. S. J. ‘The Social Cost of Carbon: Trends, outliers and catastrophes’, August 2007

Ibid

‘How to value a grandchild’, The Economist, 4 December 2006

Nordhaus W. ‘The Challenge of Global Warming: Economic Models and Environmental Policy’, July 2007

Price R. Thornton S. & Nelson S. ‘The Social Cost Of Carbon And The Shadow Price Of Carbon: What They Are, And How To Use Them in Economic Appraisal In The UK’, DEFRA, December 2007

Officer L. H. ‘Exchange rate between the United States dollar and the British pound, 1791–2005’, Economic History Services, EH.Net, 2006

Sinclair M. & Taylor C. ‘The Case Against Further Green Taxes’, The TaxPayers' Alliance, August 2007; Sinclair M. ‘The Burden of Green Taxes', The TaxPayers’ Alliance, August 2008

DfT ‘Aviation emissions cost assessment 2008’, July 2008

Ekins P. ‘The Burden of Green Taxes – The TaxPayers' Alliance is wrong’, Green Fiscal Commission, 28 August 2008

Manzi J. ‘Coase Club’, The American Scene, 12 April 2007

Sinclair M. ‘Burning Issue: Should the British government bail out the car industry?’, The Scotsman, 22 December 2008

DEFRA ‘Climate change agreements’, 5 December 2008

Harrabin R. ‘Fuel protest costs treasury £2bn yearly’, BBC News, 5 October 2004

PetrolPrices.com ‘Fuel Tax’, http://www.petrolprices.com/fuel-tax.html

HM Treasury ‘Budget 2008’, Table C6: Current Receipts, March 2008

Ibid

The Institute for Fiscal Studies ‘Fiscal Facts’, Indirect taxes – Excise duties, 26 January 2009

HM Treasury ‘Chancellor of the Exchequer's Budget Statement’, 22 March 2006

DfT ‘The NATA Refresh: Reviewing the New Approach to Appraisal’, October 2007

Leicester A. ‘The UK Tax System and the Environment’, IFS, November 2006, pg. 25

IFS ‘Don't expect much extra revenue from green taxes, says study prepared for the Mirrlees Review’, July 2008

DfT ‘Transport Statistics Great Britain: 2007 Edition’, Table 1.1, 2007

HM Treasury ‘Public Expenditure Statistical Analyses 2008’, Table 5.2, March 2008

IFS ‘Don't expect much extra revenue from green taxes, says study prepared for the Mirrlees Review’, July 2008

DfT ‘Aviation emissions cost assessment 2008’, July 2008

The Institute for Fiscal Studies ‘Don't expect much extra revenue from green taxes, says study prepared for the Mirrlees Review’, July 2008

DfT ‘Aviation emissions cost assessment 2008’, July 2008

HM Treasury ‘Budget 2008’, Table C6: Current Receipts, March 2008

European Commission ‘EU action against climate change: Leading global action to 2020 and beyond’, 2008

Lieberman J. ‘Lieberman and Warner Introduce Bipartisan Climate Legislation’, http://lieberman.senate.gov, 18 October 2007

Green K. P. Hayward S. F. & Hassett K. A. ‘Climate Change: Caps vs. Taxes’, American Enterprise Institute, June 2007

EEX Market Data

Tickell O. ‘Carbon: A market we can't allow to fail’, guardian.co.uk, 29 January 2009

Ofgem, ‘Renewables Obligation – Interim Total Obligation Levels for 2007–08’, 5 August 2008

DEFRA ‘UK climate change sustainable development indicator: 2007 Greenhouse Gas Emissions, provisional figures’, March 2008

BERR ‘UK Renewable Energy Strategy: Consultation’, Paragraph 10.5.3, June 2008

Open Europe ‘The high price of hot air’, 2 July 2006

ONS ‘UK Workforce jobs’, LOLO, July 2008

Parry Lloyd R. ‘US rejects climate guidelines at Bali conference’, The Times, 13 December 2007

Stockholm Environment Institute & University of Sydney ‘Development of an embedded carbon emissions indicator’, DEFRA, pp. 21–22, July 2008

BERR ‘UK Renewable Energy Strategy: Consultation’, Paragraph 10.5.3, June 2008

ONS ‘Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 2007’, Table 1.1a, 2007; ONS ‘Family Spending’, Table A8, 2008

ONS ‘Alcohol-related death rates and number of deaths, United Kingdom, 1991 to 2007’, 27 January 2009

Davis E. R. ‘Decadal changes in summer mortality in U.S. cities’, International Journal of Biometeorology, 47:3, May 2003

BBC News ‘Millions 'plan heating cutbacks’, 10 November 2008

BERR ‘The UK Fuel Poverty Strategy: 6 ^th Annual Progress Report’, 2008

Warmfront.co.uk ‘What will I get from Warm Front?’, http://www.warmfront.co.uk/what-will-i-get.htm

The Pension Service ‘Introduction – What is a Winter Fuel Payment’.

BERR ‘Energy consumption in the United Kingdom: Domestic data tables. 2008 update’, Tables 15a-d, July 2008

DWP ‘The Pensioners' Income Series 2006–07’, Table 2.1: The average incomes of pensioner units, 1994-95-2006-07, 10 June 2008

DCLG ‘Local Government Finance – Council Taxes 2008/09’, Table 1: Average council taxes and % change 1999–00 to 2008–09, 21 August 2008