Chernobyl,Nuclear Wastes and Nature

Calabrese E.J. and Baldwin L.A. , Toxicology rethinks its central belief . Nature, 2003. 421 (13 February): Pp. 691–692.

Draganic I.G. Draganic Z.D. , and Adloff J.-P. , Radiation and Radioactivity on Earth and Beyond. 1993, Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Karam P.A. and Leslie S.A. Changes in terrestrial natural radiation levels over the history of life. in Natural Radiation Environment VII. 2002. Rhodes, Greece, May 2002.

Karam P.A. , Gamma and neutrino radiation dose from gamma ray bursts and nearby supernovae . Health Physics, 2002. 82(4): Pp. 491–499.

Jaworowski Z. , Chernobyl Proportions – Editorial. Chernobyl Accident: Regional and Global Impacts. Special Issue of Environment International. Guest Editor Zbigniew Jaworowski, 1988. 14(2): Pp. 69–73.

Baarli J. , Natural Radiation in Norway, private communication of 18 February, Editor. 2004: Oslo.

Sohrabi M. Recent radiological studies of high level natural radiation areas of Ramsar in High Levels of Natural Radiation. 1990. Ramsar, Iran: IAEA, Vienna.

UNSCEAR, Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2000 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. 2000, United Nations: New York. p. 1220.

Delpoux M. Experimental study of the genetic effects of high levels of natural radiation in South-France. in High Levels of Natural radiation 1996. Radiation Dose and Health Effects. 1996. Beijing, China: Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Salo A. and Daglish J. , Response to an accident in theory and in practice . Environment International, 1988. 14(2): Pp. 185–200.

Henriksen T. , Fallout and radiation doses in Norway after the Chernobyl accident . The Science of the Total Environment, Special Issue: Chernobyl Accident: Regional and Global Impacts, 1988. 14(2): Pp. 157–163.

Idas B. and Myhre J. , Countermeasures in Norway are exaggerated (in Norwegian). Aftenposten, 1994. 8.10.1994.

Walinder G. , Has radiation protection become a health hazard? 1995, Nykoping: The Swedish Nuclear Training & Safety Center. 126.

Jaworowski Z. , Radiation risk and ethics . Physics Today, 1999. 52(9): Pp. 24–29.

Becker K. Ten years after Chernobyl in ANS/ENS Conference. 1996. Washington, DC: Nov. 10–14, 1996.

ICRP, Protection of the public in the event of major radiation accidents: Principles for planning ICRP Publication 40. 1984, Oxford: Pergamon Press. 22.

Ilyin L.A. , Chernobyl: Myth and Reality. 1995, Moscow: Megapolis. 1–398.

Filyushkin I.V. , The Chernobyl accident and the resultant long-term relocation of people . Health Physics, 1996. 71(1): Pp. 4–8.

Jaworowski Z. , All Chernobyl's victims: A realistic assessment of Chernobyl's health effects. 21st Century Science and Technology, 1998. 11(1): Pp. 14–25.

Adamski J. , Radiation dose rate measurements in Chernobyl and Prypyat. 2001.

WHO, Guidelines for Iodine Prophylaxis following Nuclear Accidents. 1999, World Health Organization: Geneva. pp. 1–30.

Balter M. , France distributes iodine near reactors . Science, 1997. 275(28 March): Pp. 1871–1872.

Milligan P.A. , Assessment of the use of potassium iodide (KI) as a supplemental public protective action during severe reactor accidents. 2002, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. pp. 1–38 and attachments.

Jaworowski Z. Chernobyl in Poland: The first few days, ten years after. in Zehn Jahre nach Tschernobyl, eine Bilanz. 1996. Munich, Germany: Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgard.

Holm L.E. , Thyroid cancer after diagnostic doses of iodine-131: A retrospective cohort study . Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 1988. 80(14): Pp. 1133–1138.

Hall P. Mattsson A. , and Boice J.D. Jr. , Thyroid cancer after diagnostic administration of iodine-131 . Rad. Res., 1996. 145: Pp. 86–92.

Franklyn J.A. , Cancer incidence and mortality after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism: A population-based cohort study . The Lancet, 1999. 353(June 19, 1999): Pp. 2111–2115.

Franssila K.O. and Harach H.R. , Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid in children and young adults – A systematic study in Finland. 1986. 58: Pp. 715–719.

Harach H.R. Franssila K.O. , and Wasenius V.M. , Occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid – A “normal” finding in Finland. A systematic study. 1985. 56: Pp. 531–538.

Moosa M. and Mazzaferri E.L. , Occult thyroid carcinoma . The Cancer Journal, 1997. 10(4 (July-August)): Pp. 180–188.

Tan G.H. and Gharib H. , Thyroid incidentalomas: Management approaches to nonpalpable nodules discovered incidentally on thyroid imaging . Annals of Internal Medicine, 1997. 126: Pp. 226–231.

Furmanchuk A.W. Roussak N. , and Ruchti C. , Occult thyroid carcinomas in the region of Minsk, Belarus. An autopsy Study of 215 patients . Histopathology, 1993. 23: Pp. 319–325.

Ron E. Lubin J. , and Schneider A.B. , Thyroid cancer incidence . Nature, 1992. 360: P. 113.

UNDP and UNICEF, The Human Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Accident: A strategy for Recovery. 2002, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) with the support of the UN Office for Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) and WHO. pp. 1–75.

Miller C.F. Local fallout hazard assessment. in Radiological Protection of the Public in a Nuclear Mass Disaster. 1968. Interlaken, Switzerland.

Jaworowski Z. and Kownacka L. , Tropospheric and stratospheric distribution of radioactive iodine and cesium after the Chernobyl Accident. Journal of Environmental

Radioactivity, 1988. 6: Pp. 145–150.

Kownacka L. and Jaworowski Z. , Nuclear weapon and Chernobyl debris in the troposphere and lower stratosphere . The Science of the Total Environment, 1994. 144: Pp. 201–215.

Caffrey W.G. and Wilson N.E. , Medical properties of Roentgen rays. The Electrical World, 1897 (January 9, 1897): P. 67.

Atkinson G.F. , Report upon some preliminary experiments with Roentgen rays in plants. Science, 1898. 7: P. 7.

Luckey T.D. , Radiation Hormesis. 1991, Boca Raton, Florida: CRC.

Feinendegen L.E. and Pollycove M. , Biologic responses to low doses of ionizing radiation: Detriment versus hormesis. Part 1. Dose responses of cells and tissues . The Journal of Nuclear medicine, 2001. 42(7): Pp. 17N–27N.

Pollycove M. and Feinendegen L.E. , Biologic responses to low doses of ionizing radiation: Detriment versus hormesis. Part 2. Dose responses of organisms . The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2001. 42(9): Pp. 26N–32N.

Pollycove M. and Feinendegen L.E. , Radiation-induced versus endogenous DNA damage: Possible effect of inducible protective responses in mitigating endogenous damage. Human & Experimental Toxicology, 2003. 22: Pp. 290–306.

Marcuse W. , Nachtrag zu dem Fall von Dermatitis in Alopecie nach Durchleuchtungversuchen mit Rontgenstrahlen . Deutsche Medizinisches Wochenschrift, 1896. 21: P. 681.

Molineus W. Holthusen H. , and Meyer H. , Ehrenbuch der Radiologen aller Nationen. 1992, Berlin: Blackwell Wissenschaft. 292.

Toohey R. Radiation Accident History. in American Radiation Safety Conference and Exposition (Health Physics Society's 47th Annual Meeting). 2002. Tampa, Florida: Health Physics Society.

Kathren R.L. , Pathway to a paradigm: The linear nonthreshold dose-response model in historical context: The American Academy of Health Physics 1995 Radiology Centennial Harman Oration . Health Physics, 1996. 70(5): Pp. 621–635.

ICRP, Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication No. 1. 1959, London: Pergamon Press.

Westergaard M. , Man's responsibility to his genetic heritage. Impact of Science on Society, 1955. 4(2): Pp. 63–88.

Schull W.J. , The genetic effects of radiation: Consequences for unborn life. Nuclear Europe Worldscan, 1998 (3–4): Pp. 35–37.

Mayneord W.V. , Radiation and Health. 1964, London: The Nuffield Provincial Hospital Trust. 140.

Walinder G. , Epistemological problems in assessing cancer risks at low radiation doses . Health Physics, 1987. 52(5): Pp. 675–678.

Jaynes E.T. , Probability Theory: The Logic of Science, ed. Larry B.G. . 2003, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 720.

Baker G.S. and Hoel D.G. , Corrections in the atomic bomb data to examine low dose risk . Health Physics, 2004. 85(6): Pp. 709–720.

Clarke R. , Control of low-level radiation exposure: Time for a change? Journal of Radiological Protection, 1999. 19(2): Pp. 107–115.

Becker K. , National and International Standards on Nuclear Waste . atw, 1998. 43(2): Pp. 113–115.

Taylor L.S. Some non-scientific influences on radiation protection standards and practice. in 5th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association. 1980. Jerusalem: The Israel Health Physics Society.

Coursaget J. and Pellerin P. European Union facing radioprotection standards. in W.O.N.U.C International Conference. 1999. Versailles -p St. Quentin-en-Yv. University, 16–18 June, 1999.

Kondo S. , Health Effects of Low-level Radiation. 1993, Osaka, Japan: Kinki University Press. 213.

Tubiana M. , Health risks: Data and perceptions, in Science and Technology Awareness in Europe: New Insights, Vitale M. , Editor. 1998, European Communities: Rome. pp. 113–123.

Frigerio N.A. and Stowe R.S. Carcinogenic and genetic hazard from background radiation. in Biological and Environmental Effects of Low-Level Radiation. 1976. Chicago: International Atomic Energy Agency.

Wei L. Epidemiological investigation in high background radiation areas of Yangjiang, China. in High Level of Natural Radiation. 1990. Ramsar, Iran: International Atomic Energy Agency.

Gribbin M.A. Howe G.R. , and Weeks J.L. , A study of the mortality of AECL employees. V. The Second Analysis: Mortality during the period 1950–1985. 1992, AECL.

Matanoski G.M. , Health Effects of Low-Level Radiation in Shipyard Workers, Final Report. 1991, National Technical Information Service: Springfield, Virginia.

Gilbert E.S. Cragle D.L. , and Wiggs L.D. , Updated analyses of combined mortality data of workers at the Hanford Site, Oakridge National Laboratory, and Rocky Flats weapons plant . Radiation research, 1993. 136: Pp. 408–421.

Berrington A. , 100 years od observation on British radiologists: Mortality from cancer and other causes 1897–1997 . The British Journal of Radiology, 2001. 74: Pp. 507–519.

Tokarskaya Z.B. , Multifactorial analysis of lung cancer dose-response relationship for workers at the Mayak Nuclear Enterprise . Health Physics, 1997. 73(6): Pp. 899–905.

Cohen B.L. , Test of the linear-no threshold theory of radiation carcinogenesis for inhaled radon decay products . Health Phys., 1995. 68(2): Pp. 157–174.

Kostyuchenko V.A. and Krestinina L.Y. , Long-term irradiation effects in the population evacuated from the East-Urals radioactive trace area . The Sci. Tot. Environ., 1994. 142: Pp. 119–125.

Cohen B.L. , Perspectives on the cost effectiveness of life saving, in Rational Readings on Environmental Concerns, Lehr J.H. , Editor. 1992, Van Nostrand Reinhold: New York. pp. 461–473.

Karam P.A. and Leslie S.A. The evolution of Earth's background radiation field over geologic time in IRPA 9th Congress. 1996. Vienna, Austria: IAEA.

Jaworowski Z. , Ionizing radiation in the 20th century and beyond . Atmowirtschaft-Atomtechnik atw, 2002. 47(1): Pp. 22–27.

Taylor S.R. , Trace element abundances and the chondritic Earth model . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 1964. 28: Pp. 1989–1998.

Magill J. , Nuclides 2000 – An Electronic Chart of the Nuclides. 1999, Eureopean Commission Joint Research Centre. Institute for Transuranium Elements.

Rompp Chemie Lexicon. 1995.

Brockhaus Naturwissenschaft und Technik. 2003.

IAEA, Nuclear power status around the world . IAEA Bulletin, 2002. 44(2): P. 59.

UNSCEAR, Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. 1988, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. New York: New York. pp. 1–647.

Semenov B. and Bell M. Progress towards the demonstration of safe disposal of spent fuel and high level radioactive waste: A critical issue for nuclear power in Geological Disposal of Spent Fuel and High Level and Alpha Bearing Wastes. 1993. Antwerp, Belgium: International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.

Bell M. , ORIGEN – the ORNL isotope generation and depletion code. 1973.

Croff G. , ORIGEN 2 – A versatile computer code for calculating the nuclide composition and characteristics of nuclear materials . Nuclear Technology, 1983. 62(September): P. 335.

IAEA, International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for Safety of Radiation Sources. Safety Series No. 115. 1996, Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency. 353.

OECD, Radiological Impacts of Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Options – A Comparative Study . 2000, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Nuclear Energy Agency: Paris. pp. 1–124.

Chwaszczewski S. , The management of the spent fuel from power reactors – technologies, economy and environment . Polityka Energetyczna, 1999. 2(1–2): Pp. 65–80.

Jaworowski Z. , Natural and man-made radionuclides in the global atmosphere . IAEA Bulletin, 1982. 24(2): Pp. 35–39.

Jaworowski Z. , Sources and the global cycle of radium in The environmental behaviour of radium. 1990, IAEA: Vienna. pp. 129–142.