After unbalance, coupling misalignment is the most common fault present in rotating machines. However, limited research has been carried out on coupling misalignment and its effects. The present study aims to explore the research on coupling misalignment by briefly summarizing the research work done so far on different modelling techniques, effects on the system behaviour, fault identification and condition monitoring techniques.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
WowkV., Machine Vibration: Alignment, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.
2.
PiotrowskiJ., Shaft Alignment Handbook, Mareel Dekker, New York, 1995.
3.
GibbonsC. B., Coupling Misalignment Forces, Proceedings of 5th Turbomachinery Symposium, Gas Turbine Laboratories, Texas A&M University, 1976, 111–116.
4.
LalanneM.FerrarisG., Rotordynamics Prediction in Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (UK), 1990, 197.
5.
SekharA. S.Sreenivasa RaoA., Crack versus Misalignment in Rotor-Coupling Bearing System”, Journal of Machines and Vibration, 1996, 5, 179–188.
6.
Sreenivasa RaoA.SekharA. S., Vibration Analysis of Rotor-Coupling-Bearing System with Misaligned Shafts, In: Proceedings of 41st ASME Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress Exposition to be held in Birmingham, UK, 1996, Paper No.96-GT 012.
7.
XuM.MarangoniD., Vibration Analysis of a Motor – Flexible Coupling – Rotor system subjected to Misalignment and Unbalance, PART I: Theoretical Model, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1994, 176 (5), 663–680.
8.
XuM.MarangoniD., Vibration Analysis of a Motor – Flexible Coupling – Rotor system subjected to Misalignment and Unbalance, PART II: Experimental validation, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1994, 176 (5), 681–691.
9.
KramerE., Dynamics of Rotors and Foundations, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993, 381.
10.
NelsonH. D.CrandallS. H., Analytic Prediction of Rotordynamic Response, In: Ehrich, F. F., Handbook of Rotordynamics, McGraw-Hill Inc., USA, 1992, 2, 2.1–2.84.
11.
TadeoA. T.CavalcaK. L., A Comparison of Flexible Coupling models for updating in Rotating Machinery Response, Journal of Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2003, 25 (3), 235–246.
12.
ArmugamP.SwarnamaniS.PrabhuB. S., Effects of Coupling Misalignment on the Vibration Characteristics of a Two Stage Turbine Rotor, ASME Design Engineering Technical Conferences, 1995, 84 (2), 1049–1054.
13.
IwatsuboT.SaigoM., Transverse Vibration of a Rotor System Driven by a Cardan Joint, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1984, 95, 741–747.
14.
SheuP. P.ChiengW. H.LeeA. C., Modelling and Analysis of the Intermediate Shaft between Two Universal joints, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1996, 118 (1), 88–99.
15.
ChaikaV., Steady State Response of System of Rotors with Various Types of Flexible Couplings, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1994, 177, 521–537.
16.
SekharA. S.PrabhuB. S., Effects of Coupling Misalignment on Vibrations of Rotating Machinery, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1995, 185(4), 655–671.
17.
HamzaouiN.BoissonC.LesueurC., Vibro – Acoustic Analysis and Identification of Defects in Rotating Machinery Part 1: Theoretical Model, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1998, 216 (4), 553–570.
18.
SaavedraP. N.RamirezD. E., Vibration Analysis of Rotors for the Identification of Shaft Misalignment Part 1: Theoretical Analysis, Proceedings of Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2004, 218 (9), 971–985.
19.
SaavedraP. N.RamirezD. E., Vibration Analysis of Rotors for the Identification of Shaft Misalignment Part 2: Experimental Validation, Proceedings of Institute of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 2004, 218 (9), 987–999.
20.
BrommundtE., High-Order Sub-Harmonic Synchronization in a Rotor System with a Gear Coupling, Technische Mechanik, 2004, 242–253.
21.
LiM.YuL., Analysis of the Coupled Lateral Torsional Vibration of a Rotor – Bearing system with a Misaligned Gear Coupling, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2001, 243 (2), 283–300.
22.
MarmolR. A., Spline Coupling induced Nonsynchronous Rotor Vibrations, Journal of Mechanical Design, 1980, 102, 168–176.
23.
LeeY. S.LeeC. W., Modelling and Vibration Analysis of Misaligned Rotor-Ball Bearing Systems, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1999, 224 (1), 17–32.
24.
HussainK. M.RedmondI., Dynamic Response of two Rotors Connected by Rigid Mechanical Coupling with Parallel Misalignment, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002, 249 (3), 483–498.
25.
RedmondI.Al-HussainK., A Vibration Model for the parallel Misalignment of Rotating Shafts Connected by a Flexible Coupling, Proceedings of the 2004 International Conference on Noise and Vibration Engineering, ISMA, 2004, 2549–2565.
26.
LeesA. W., Misalignment in Rigidly Coupled Rotors, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2007, 305, 261–271.
27.
GuangZ.ZhanshengL.FengC., Meshing Force of Misaligned Spline Coupling and the Influence on Rotor System, Hindawi Publishing corporation, International Journal of Rotating Machinery, 2008, Article ID: 321308.
28.
HanJ.ShiL., Study on Kinematic Mechanism of Misalignment Fault of Rotor System Connected by Gear Coupling, Zhendong Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2004, 17 (4), 416–420.
29.
BettigB. P.HanR. P. S., Modelling the Lateral Vibration of Hydraulic Turbine-Generator Rotors, Journal of Vibrations and Acoustics, Transactions of the ASME, 1999, 121 (3), 322–327 x.
30.
BlochH. P., (1976), “How to Uprate Turbomachinery by Optimized Coupling Selection”, Hydrocarbon Processing, 1976, 55 (1), 87–90.
31.
SimonG., Prediction of Vibration Behaviour of Large Turbomachinery on Elastic Foundations due to Unbalance and Coupling Misalignment, Proceedings of Institute of Mechanical Engineers., Journal of Mechanical Engineering (Part C), 1992, 206, 29–39.
32.
PennachhiP.VaniaA., Diagnostics of a Crack in a Load Coupling of a Gas Turbine using the Machine Model and Analysis of the Shaft Vibrations, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2008, 22, 1157–1178.
33.
PrabhakarS.SekharA. S.MohantyA. R., Crack versus Coupling Misalignment in a Transient Rotor System, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002, 256 (4), 773–789.
34.
DewellD. L.MitchellL. D., Detection of a Misaligned Disc Coupling using Spectrum Analysis, Transactions of ASME, Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design, 1984, 106, 9–15.
35.
WattnerK. W., High Speed Coupling Failure Analysis, Proceedings of the Fourth Turbomachinery Symposium, Texas A & M University, 1975, 143–148.
36.
PalazzoloA. B.LockeS. R.CalistratM.ClarkJr.AyoubA.CalistratD.TangP., Gear Coupling Misalignment Induced Forces and their Effect on Machinery Vibration, Proceedings of the 21st Turbomachinery Symposium, Dallas, Texas, 1992, 83–96.
37.
RosenbergR. M., On the Dynamical Behaviour of Rotating Shafts Driven by Universal (Hooke) Coupling, Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1958, 25, 47–51.
38.
JordanM. A., What are Orbit Plots, anyway?Orbit, 1993, 8–15.
39.
HiliM. A.FakhfakhT.HammamiL.HaddarM., Shaft Misalignment Effect on Bearings Dynamical Behaviour, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2005, 26, 615–622.
40.
AnX. L.ZhouJ. Z.XiangX. Q.PengB., Vibration Characteristics of Two Rotors Connected by Rigid Coupling with Parallel Misalignment, Zhongguo Dianji Gongcheng Xuebao/Proceedings of Chinese Society of Electrical Engineering, 2008, 28 (11), 77–81.
41.
DongG. Q.CuiY. H.WangZ. R.LiuZ. S.ShenJ. Q., Dynamic Response of Large Increased Pressure Wind Tunnel Rotor-Gear Coupling System with Parallel Misalignment, Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology (New Series), 2008, 15 (1), 71–76.
42.
FuB.ZhouJ.PengB.AnX., Coupled Lateral and Torsional Vibration Properties of Parallel Misaligned Fixed Rigid Couplings, Huazhong Keji Daxue Xuebao (Ziran Kexue Ban)/Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2007, 35 (4), 96–99.
43.
SpruogisB.TurlaV.JakstasA., Investigation of Radial Misalignment Influence on Dynamics of Precise Rotor System, Mechanika, 2007, 63 (1), 45–49.
44.
LorenzenH.NiedermannE. A.WattingerW., Solid Couplings with Flexible Intermediate Shafts for High Speed Turbo Compressor Trains”, Proceedings of the 18th Turbomachinery Symposium, Dallas, T X, U.S.A., 1989, 101–110.
45.
KatoM.OtaH., Lateral Excitation of a Rotating Shaft Driven by a Universal Joint with Friction, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1990, 112, 298–303.
46.
SaigoM.OkadaY.OnoK., Self-Excited Vibration Caused by Internal Friction in Universal Joints and its Stabilising Method, Transaction of ASME, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1997, 119, 221–229.
47.
AsoknathS. F.HwangM. C., Torsional Instabilities in a System Incorporating a Hookes Joint, Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, 1996, 118, 368–374.
48.
HussainK. M., Dynamic Stability of two Rigid Rotors Connected by a Flexible Coupling with Angular Misalignment, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2003, 266, 217–234.
49.
MortonP. G., Aspects of Coulomb Damping in Rotors Supported on Hydrodynamic Bearings, Workshop on Rotor dynamic Instability Problems in High-Performance Turbomachinery, Texas A & M University, 1982, 45–56.
50.
DeSmidtH. A.WangK. W.SmithE. C., Stability of a Segmented Supercritical Driveline with Non-Constant Velocity Couplings Subjected to Misalignment and Torque, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004, 277, 895–918.
51.
NatarajC.NelsonH. D.ArakereN., The Effect of Coulomb Spline on Rotor Dynamic Response, Bently Symposium on Instability in Rotating Machinery, Minden, Nev, 1985, 21–29.
52.
YamachuiS.SomeyaT., Self-Excited Vibration of Gas-Turbine Rotor with Gear Coupling, 14th International Congress on Combustion Engines (CIMAC), Helsinki, GT8–1-GT8–28.
53.
BrommundtB.KramerE., Instability and Self-Excitation Caused by a Gear Coupling In a Simple Rotor System, Forsch Ingenieurwes, 2006, 70, 25–37.
54.
NikolajsenJ. L., The Effect of Misalignment on Rotor Vibrations, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 1998, 120, 635–640.
55.
LeesA. W., Studies on Misalignment in Coupled Rotors, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2006, 5–6, 13–20.
56.
LopatinaA. S.MarkovA. M.SmirnovV. A.KhristensenV. L., Diagnosis Features of Tooth-Type Coupling Defects and Rotor Misalignment, Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Control, 2004, 1, 46–47.
57.
OrlowskiZ.GalkaT., Vibration and Displacement-Related Symptoms in Diagnosis of Rotor Misalignment, International Congress on Condition Monitoring and Diagnostic Engineering Management; Houston, USA, 2000, 495–504.
58.
BarzdaitisV.BogdeviciusM., The Dynamic Behaviour of a Turbine Rotating System, Strojniski Vestnik/Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2006, 52 (10), 653–661.
59.
HuW.MiahH.FengN. S.HahnE. J., A Rig for Testing Lateral Misalignment Effects in a Flexible Rotor Supported on Three or More Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings, Tribology International, 2000, 33, 197–204.
60.
EdwardsS.LeesA. W.FriswellM. I., Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery, Shock and Vibration Digest, 1998, 30 (6), 4–13.
61.
SinhaJ. K.LeesA. W.FriswellM. I., Estimating Unbalance and Misalignment of a Flexible Rotating Machine from a Single Run-Down, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2004, 272, 967–989.
62.
TaradaiD. V.DonE. A., A Combined Computational and Experimental Method to Determine Shaft Line Alignment without the Disassembling of Couplings, Thermal Engineering (English Translation of Teploenergetika), 2005, 52 (6), 508–512.
63.
GaneriwalaS.PatelS.HartungH. A., Truth behind Misalignment Vibration Spectra of Rotating Machinery, Proceedings of the International Modal Analysis Conference – IMAC 2, 1999, 2078–2085.
64.
HiliM. A.FakhfakhT.HaddarM., Failure Analysis of a Misaligned and Unbalanced Flexible Rotor, Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention, 2006, 6 (4), 73–82.
65.
OmitaomuO. A.BadiruA. B.HinesJ. W., On-Line Prediction of Motor Shaft Misalignment Using Fast Fourier Transform Generated Spectra Data and Support Vector Regression, Transactions of ASME – Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 2006, 128, 1019–1024.
66.
BachschmidN.PennacchiP., Accuracy of Fault Detection in Real Rotating Machinery using Model based Diagnostic Techniques, JSME International Journal (Series C), 2003, 46(3), 1026–1034.
67.
SekharA. S., Identification of Coupling Misalignment in a Rotor-Coupling-Bearing System, Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, Stanford, USA, 2003, 1374–1383.
68.
SekharA. S., On-line Rotor Fault Identification by Combined Model and Signal based approach, Noise and Vibration Worldwide, 2004.
69.
PennacchiP.VaniaA., Diagnosis and Model Based Identification of a Coupling Misalignment, Shock and Vibration, 2005, 12(4), 293–308.
70.
ImamI.AzzaroS. H.BankertR. J.ScheibelJ., Development of an Online Rotor Crack Detection and Monitoring System, Journal of Vibration, Acoustics, Stress and Reliability in Design, 1989, 111, 241–250.
71.
PrabhakarS.SekharA. S.MohantyA. R., Detection and Monitoring of Cracks in a Rotor-Bearing system using Wavelet Transforms, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2001, 15(2), 447–450.
72.
PrabhakarS.SekharA. S.MohantyA. R., Vibration Analysis of Misaligned Rotor-Coupling-Bearing system passing through the Critical speed, Proceedings of Institute of Mechanical Engineers (Part C), 2001, 215, 1417–1427.
73.
SantiagoA.PederivaR., Application of Wavelet Transform to detect Faults in Rotating Machinery, ABCM Symposium Series in Mechatronics, 2004, 1, 616–624.
74.
PengZ.ChuF.HeY., (2002), “Vibration Signal Analysis and Feature Extraction based on Reassigned Wavelet Scalogram”, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2002, 253(5), 1087–1100.
75.
PengZ. K.ChuF. L.TsePeter. W., Singularity Analysis of the Vibration Signals by Means of Wavelet Modulus Maximal Method, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, 2007, 21, 780–794.
76.
ThomsonW. T., On-line Current Monitoring to Diagnose Shaft Misalignment in Three-phase Induction Motor Drives, Proceedings of the ICEM ′94, Paris, France, 1994, 2, 238–243.
77.
ThomsonW. T., On-line Current Monitoring to Detect Electrical and Mechanical Faults in Three-Phase Induction Motor Drives, Proceedings of the IEE International Conference on Life Management of Power Plants, Edinburgh, UK, 1994, 66–73.
78.
ThomsonW. T., On-line Current Monitoring to Detect Rotor Winding and Electromechanical problems in Induction Motor Drives, Proceedings of the IEE Colloquium on Condition Monitoring of Electrical Machines, 1995, 019, 8/1–6.
79.
SchoenR., On-line Current-Based Condition Monitoring of three-phase Induction Machines, PhD thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994.
80.
YaziciB., An Adaptive, On-line, Statistical method for Bearing Fault Detection using Stator Current, Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE IAS Conference, 1997, 1, 213–220.
81.
HinesJ. W.JesseS.EdmondsonA.NowerD., Motor Shaft Misalignment Versus Bearing Load Analysis: Study Shows Shaft Misalignment Reduces Bearing Life, Maintenance Technology, 1999, 11–77.
82.
CasadaD. A., Using Motor Data as a Diagnostic Tool: A Collection of Scattered Thoughts, Presentation at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 1996.
83.
ArkanM.AliH. C.TaglukM. E., Bearing and Misalignment Fault Detection in Induction Motors by using the Space Vector Angular Fluctuation Signal, Electrical Engineering, 2005, 87, 197–206.
84.
Kostic-PerovicD.ArkanM.UnsworthP. J., Induction Motor Fault Detection by Space Vector Angular Fluctuation Signal, Proceedings of the IEEE Industry Applications Conference, 34th Annual Meeting–World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy, Rome, Italy, 2000, 1, 388–394.
85.
HamzaouiN.BoissonC.LesueurC., Vibro – Acoustic Analysis and Identification of Defects in Rotating Machinery Part 2: Experimental study, Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1998, 216(4), 571–583.
86.
KumarM. S.PrabhuB. S., Object Oriented Programming and Expert Systems in Rotating Machinery, ASME Asia Cong Exhib 1997, Singapore: ASME, 1997, AA-125.
87.
KuropatwinskiJ. J.JesseS.HinesJ. W.EdmondsonA.CarleyJ., Prediction of Motor Misalignment Using Neural Networks, Proceedings of Maintenance and reliability Conference (MARCON 97), Knoxville, TN, 1997.
88.
VyasN. S.SatishkumarD., Artificial Neural Network design for Fault Identification in a Rotor-Bearing system, Journal of Mechanism and Machine Theory, 2001, 36, 157–175.
