Removal of Cu 2+ Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a new crystalline form in the carbon family, have been shown to be an effective adsorbent for Cu²⁺ ion removal from aqueous solution. After oxidation with nitric acid, the adsorption capacity of the oxidized CNTs towards Cu²⁺ ions at a pH of 5.2 reached 27.6 mg/g, compared to a value of only 14.4 mg/g for the as-grown CNTs under the same circumstances. Increasing the pH to 5.4 led to 95% removal of Cu²⁺ ions with the oxidized CNTs, whereas with the as-grown CNTs it was necessary to increase the pH to 8.6 to achieve the same extent of removal. The Cu²⁺ ion adsorption capacity increased with increasing CNT dosage for the different initial Cu²⁺ ion concentrations. The kinetic curve for adsorption of the Cu²⁺ ions suggested that not only the outer surfaces but also inner cavities and inter-layers in the structures of the CNTs were responsible for the removal of the ion from aqueous solutions.