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Abstract

The adsorption thermodynamics of carbaryl onto four divergent textured Indian soils from methanol/water mixtures (f_s = 0.1) have been investigated at 25 °C and 50 °C via adsorption isotherms, the Freundlich equation, distribution coefficient measurements and thermodynamic parameters. The measured equilibrium adsorption isotherms were L-shaped for all four soils at both temperatures. The adsorption of carbaryl onto all four soils increased with increasing temperature. The highest adsorption was observed on F.R.I. silt loam (FSL) followed by Alampur silt loam (ASL), Kalai loam (KL) and Bhoran sandy loam (BSL) soils at both temperatures, as anticipated from the values of the Freundlich constant, K_F, and the distribution coefficient, K_D. The affinity of carbaryl towards the organic carbon, organic matter and clay content of the soils was evaluated from calculations of the values of K_OC and K_OM. The predicted values of log K_OM were also evaluated by using the aqueous solubility, the 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (K_OW), the adsorbability index (AI) and the first-order molecular connectivity index (¹χ) of carbaryl. Use of the AI and ¹χ indices of carbaryl gave predicted log K_OM values close to those observed experimentally. The thermodynamic equilibrium constant (K⁰), the standard free energy (ΔG⁰), the standard enthalpy change (ΔH⁰) and the standard entropy change (ΔS⁰) were all calculated in order to predict the nature of the adsorption process.

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Adsorption Thermodynamics of Carbaryl onto Four Texturally Different Indian Soils

Abstract

References